Restless earth flash cards

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  • Created by: harrynik
  • Created on: 19-05-17 19:31
What is the crust?
Outer layer of the Earth.
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What is the mantle?
The semi-molten rock layer of the Earth beneath the crust.
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What is the core?
The inner layer of the Earth, separated into two parts: the outer core and inner core. made of iron and nickel.
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What is the outer core?
The liquid outer layer of the Earth's core made of iron and nickel.
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What is the inner core?
the solid inner layer of the Earth's core made of iron and nickel.
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Destructive plate margin.
When 2 plates crash into each other to make volcanoes. oceanic crust sinks under continental crust, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
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Constructive plate margin.
When 2 plates move away from each other 2 oceanic plates, creates under sea volcanoes
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Conservative plate margin.
When 2 plates move beside each other in opposite directions. This causes earthquakes.
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Collision plate margin.
when 2 continental plates crash into one another, creating fold mountains.
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Volcano.
A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapour, and gas are or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
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Fold mountain.
Mountaisn that are formed from the crumpling of layers of sediment between two continental plates.
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Ocean trench.
A long, narrow, deep depression in the ocean bed, typically one running parallel to a plate boundary and marking a subduction zone
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Continental crust.
The thick part of the crust above sea level.
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Oceanic crust.
The thin part of the crust below sea level.
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Differences between oceanic and continental crust.
Oceanic is thinner than continental. Oceanic is denser than continental. oceanic is younger than continental.
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Composite volcano.
Volcanoes made up of layer of ash and lava. Steep sided slopes. thick lava with very dangerous eruptions.
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Shield volcano.
Volcanoes made up of only layers of lava. Lava is runny and flows quickly. low flat dome shape. Eruptions aren't dangerous.
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Ways to predict volcanic eruptions.
Tiny earthquakes. Escaping radon gas. Changes in the volcano's shape e.g. bulges
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Pyroclastic flow.
Fast moving clouds of super heated gas and ash.
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Primary effects of Mt. St. Helens eruption.
57 killed by hot gas and ash. 12 million salmon killed by lahars. Millions of trees blown over and burnt, up to 25km away.
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Secondary effects of Mt. St. Helens eruption.
Blocked drainage. Ash covered roads. People made homeless. Decrease in tourism. Planes can't get through because of ash. Ash covered harvest died
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Location of Mt. St. Helens eruption.
Cascade range, Washington, USA.
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Date of Mt. St. Helens eruption.
18th of May 1980.
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Death toll of Mt. St. Helens eruption.
57.
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Immediate responses of Mt. St. Helens eruption.
Helicopters search area. Rescuing survivors. Clear the ash. 2 million masks sent.
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Longterm responses of Mt. St. Helens eruption.
Increase in fertile soil. Buildings rebuilt. Blocked drainage unblocked. Forest replanted. $1 billion to rebuild + compensate locals. Increase tourism.
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Plates involved in the Mt. St. Helens eruption.
North American plate and Juan de fuca plate.
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When did the Kobe earthquake occur?
January 17th 1995
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Type of plate boundary involved in the Kobe earthquake.
Destructive.
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Plates involved in the Kobe earthquake.
Philippine, Eurasian.
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Size of the Kobe earthquake.
7.3 richter scale.
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How long the Kobe earthquake lasted for.
20 seconds.
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Death toll from the Kobe earthquake.
6.5 thousand.
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Cost of the damage caused by the Kobe earthquake.
£75 billion.
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Primary effects of Kobe earthquake.
Roads collapsed - people injured. Railways buckled. Buildings collapse. Port changed due to liquefaction. Canes fell. People died- mainly from fires. Pipes and cables broke.
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Secondary effects of Kobe earthquake.
Gas fires. 1 million people had no water for 10 days. 300,000 homeless. 80% railway done in 1 month. 40k injured.
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Immediate responses of Kobe earthquake.
Search for survivors. Treating injured. Major retailers helped.
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Long term responses of Kobe earthquake.
Re-building roads. Re-building buildings but further away from each other. Railways rebuilt. Earthquake drills.
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Depth of focus for the Kobe earthquake.
16km.
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When did the Kathmandu earthquake occur?
April 2015.
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Type of plate boundary that caused the Kathmandu earthquake.
Collision plate boundary.
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Plates involved in the Kathmandu earthquake.
Eurasian and Indian plates.
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Size of the Kathmandu earthquake.
7.9 magnitude.
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Number of fatalities in the Kathmandu earthquake.
9,000+.
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Cost in damages of the Kathmandu earthquake.
$4 billion.
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Depth of the Kathmandu earthquake.
8.2km
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Number of injuries caused by Kathmandu earthquake.
23,000
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What are the 3 P's?
Prediction: attempting to forecast when it will happen. Protection: constructing buildings so they won't collapse. Preparation: organising activities so people know what to do.
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When did the S.E Asia tsunami occur?
Boxing day 2004.
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Size of the earthquake that caused the S.E Asia tsunami.
9.1 magnitude.
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length of shaking for the earthquake that caused the S.E Asia tsunami.
9 minutes.
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Countries affected by the S.E Asia tsunami.
Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India
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Where was the epicentre of the earthquake that caused the S.E Asia tsunami.
Just off the coast of Indonesia, near Banda Aceh, on the island of Sumatra, Indian ocean.
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Height if highest wave in the S.E Asia tsunami.
25m.
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Plates involved in the S.E Asia tsunami.
Indo-Australian subducting beneath the Eurasian plate.
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Type of plate boundary that caused the S.E Asia tsunami.
Destructive plate boundary.
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Death toll of the S.E Asia tsunami.
240,000+.
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Number of injuries caused by the S.E Asia tsunami.
650,000.
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number of people made homeless by the S.E Asia tsunami.
2 million.
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Primary effects of the S.E Asia tsunami.
Schools and hospitals were wiped out. 1,500 settlements in Banda Aceh were destroyed. Roads and railway networks destroyed.
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Secondary effects of the S.E Asia tsunami.
Coastal fishing industry destroyed. Many children orphaned. Whole communities lost. Disease such as cholera spread due to lack of clean water. Tourism decreased
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Immediate responses to the S.E Asia tsunami.
Search and rescue for survivors. Fresh water and food sent from abroad. Medical teams sent. UK gov sent £75 million + £100 million public donation.
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Long-term responses to the S.E Asia tsunami.
Aid sent. rebuilding. warning system set up. education on how to respond to a tsunami.
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What causes a tsunami?
Series of waves generated in an ocean or other body of water by a disturbance such as an earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite impact.
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Highest point of the Alps.
1810m.
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Population of the Alps.
14 million.
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Number of visitors in the Alps per year.
120 million.
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Ways people use fold mountains
Tourism - skiing. Mining - gold, silver and copper. Farming - transhumance. HEP - melted snow. Paper mills - shady side of valley.
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Problems of living in fold mountains.
Limited communication - lack of transport, medical help, jobs, food. Steep relief. Poor soil - infertile because of the cold.
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Example of a town on a fold mountain.
Livigno.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The semi-molten rock layer of the Earth beneath the crust.

Back

What is the mantle?

Card 3

Front

The inner layer of the Earth, separated into two parts: the outer core and inner core. made of iron and nickel.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The liquid outer layer of the Earth's core made of iron and nickel.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

the solid inner layer of the Earth's core made of iron and nickel.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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