Respiration

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  • Created by: 14megan
  • Created on: 23-04-19 19:04
what is respiration?
the process of all living things producing energy.
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word equation for aerobic respiration
oxygen + glucose = energy + carbon dioxide + water
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symbol equation for aerobic respiration
6O2 + C6 H12 O6 = 38ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O
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what happens blood oxygen levels at a high altitude?
the levels would become lower because less oxygen is in the air so less oxygen in your body which means diffusion happens at a lower rate.
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what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose = lactic acid + energy (ATP)
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what are some similarities of aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
both create energy; both use glucose.
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what are some differences of aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
aerobic uses oxygen, produces more ATP (30ATP), 4 step process; anaerobic doesn't use oxygen, produces lactic acid, only produces 2ATP, glucose molecule not completely broken down, 1 step process.
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why are marathon runners unaffected by lactic acid build up?
they use aerobic respiration as they are running a long way so if they used anaerobic respiration they wouldn't be able to keep going as they wouldn't have enough energy.
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why do trained athletes take less time to recover from lactic acid build up?
thye can breathe in a deeper volume of air so then they can break down lactic acid faster.
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what is oxygen debt?
after using anaerobic respiration you create an oxygen debt because of lactic acid build up. you need oxygen to get rid of lactic acid but in anaerobic respiration lots of lactic acid is produced in a short amount of time.
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how have mammals adapted to be larger than insects?
mammals draw air in through the lungs which contain lots of aveoli. the surface area inside the lungs is very large which allows for faster gas exchange by diffusion. but insects draw air in though spiricles. their air sacs have a lower relative
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(continued)
surface area so more sacs are needed for gas exchange if the insect is bigger. air would diffuse slowly into a larger body which means that mammals have evolved to be bigger than insects as they can diffuse the air quicker than insects can.
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what is the concentration gradient in the avelous?
when you have a higher concentration of oxygen in the air sack and carbon dioxide has a higher concentration in the blood supply.
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why is it important to maintain a concentration gradient in the aveolus?
because otherwise diffusion can't happen and your body needs diffusion to happen so you can transport oxygen around the body.
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what is the tidal volume?
this is the volume of air breathed in an out in one breath at rest.
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what is the vital capacity?
the maximum volume of air than can be breathed in or out of the lungs in one breath.
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what is the breathing rate?
the number of breaths taken per minute.
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how has the aveolus adapted for gas exchange?
the aveolus has *thin walls* to reduce the diffusion distance; it has a *larger surface area* to maximize the exchanges of gases; the aveolus has a *moist surface area* which means the dissolving of gases in the aveolar air can diffuse across
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(continued)
their walls; the aveolus also has a *rich blood supply* to remove diffused gases and maintain a good concentration gradient for further diffusion.
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how much oxygen do you inspire and expire?
you inspire 21% and expire 16%.
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how much carbon dioxide do you inspire and expire?
you inspire 0.04% and expire 4%.
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how much nitrogen do you inspire and expire?
you inspire 79% and expire 79%.
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what do cilia cells do?
they have tiny hairs to move mucus out of your lungs (they are on the inside of airway walls).
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what is mucus do?
they are released from the cell to trap dirt particles.
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what are mucus cells?
these cells make mucus.
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what happens when the cilia cells are paralysed?
the mucus would stay in the cilia and collect bacteria which would then be able to multiply as it's warm and moist which is a perfect environment for bacteria to grow. this would then paralyse the cilia and result in an increased amount of infections
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what is the effect of emphysema, lung cancer and damage to ciliated cells on a person?
they wouldn't be able to exercise or breath properly.
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what would the symptoms be of emphysema, lung cancer or damage to ciliated cells on a person?
they would struggle to breath and it would be difficult to produce energy when exercising.
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why would these symptoms occur?
because the lungs wouldn't have a big enough surface area for gas exchange to occur.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

word equation for aerobic respiration

Back

oxygen + glucose = energy + carbon dioxide + water

Card 3

Front

symbol equation for aerobic respiration

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what happens blood oxygen levels at a high altitude?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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