A testable statement. Can be directional or non-directional.
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Independent variable
The manipulated variable.
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Dependednt variable
The measured variable.
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Operationalisation
Clearly defining variables and how they can be measured.
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Confounding variable
Nuisance variable associated with the IV.
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Extraneous variable
Random nuisance variable.
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Demand characteristics
Chnages in partici[ants behaviours as a result of the participants thinking they know the aim of the study.
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Investigator effects
The unconcious influence of the researcher.
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Standardisation
Ensuring all the participants have the same experience.
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Random sampling
participants are assigned a number and picked out of a hat or randomiser to be put into the conditions. No researcher bias, time-consuing, may be unrepresentative.
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Systematic sampling
Every nth person. No researcher bias, may be unrepresentative.
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Stratified sampling
Refeclects the proportions of the population. No researcher bias, representative, cannot account for all subgroups.
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Oppotunity sampling
Whoever is available. Covenient, risk of researcher bias, unrepresentative.
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Volunteer sampling
self-selected volunteers. Less time-consuming, attracts a type of person.
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Ethical issues
Informed consent, deception, protection from harm, privacy and confidentiality.
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Pilot study
Small scale study to identify any issues prior to the full research.
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Single-blind
Participants are not aware of the aim.
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Double-blind
Neither the participant nor the researcher know the aim of the investigation.
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Independent groups
Participants are not matched and do not repeat the conditions. Less economical, no order effects, participant variables not contolled.
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Rpeated measures
All participants do all the conditions. Order effects, demand characteristics, no participant variables.
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Matched pairs
Similar participants are matched then put into one condition and one into the other. No order effects, cannot match on every characteristic, time-consuming.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A testable statement. Can be directional or non-directional.
Back
Hypothesis
Card 3
Front
The manipulated variable.
Back
Card 4
Front
The measured variable.
Back
Card 5
Front
Clearly defining variables and how they can be measured.
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