Involves only one individual and the offspring is identical to the parent. There is no fusion of gametes or mixing of genetic information.
Asexual Reproduction
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Involves the joining (fusing) of male and female gametes, producing genetic
variation in the offspring.
Sexual
reproduction
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Two stage process of cell division that reduced the chromosome number of
daughter cells. It is involved in making gametes for sexual reproduction.
Meiosis
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The process by which evolution takes place. Organisms produce more offspring than
the environment can support. Only those that are most suited to their environment
will survive to breed and pass on their useful characteristics to their offspring.
Natural
Selection
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Nitrogenous compounds that make up part of the structure of DNA and RNA. They
are represented by the letters A, C, T and G.
Bases (DNA)
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A molecule made up of a sugar, a phosphate group and one of four different bases.
They are key units in the structure of DNA and RNA.
Nucleotide
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A change in the genetic material of an organism.
Mutation
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Different forms of the same gene sometimes referred to as variants.
Alleles
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A genotype with two identical alleles for a characteristic.
Homozygous
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A genotype with two different alleles for a characteristic.
Heterozygous
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The genetic makeup of an individual for a particular characteristic, for example hair
or eye colour.
Genotype
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The physical appearance/biochemistry of an individual for a particular characteristic.
Phenotype
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The phenotype will be apparent in the offspring even if only one of the alleles is
inherited.
Dominant allele
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A phenotype that will only show up in the offspring if both of the alleles coding for
that characteristic are inherited.
Recessive
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Carry the information that determines the sex of an individual.
Sex
chromosomes
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A dominant inherited disorder that results in babies born with extra fingers and/or
toes.
Polydactyly
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An inherited disorder that affects the lungs, digestive and reproductive system and
is inherited through a recessive allele.
Cystic fibrosis
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A person with one copy of the recessive allele for a genetic disorder. They therefore
have no symptoms of the disorder, but can pass the allele on to the next
generation.
Carrier
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The process by which scientists can manipulate and change the genotype of an
organism.
Genetic
engineering
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Involves the joining (fusing) of male and female gametes, producing genetic
variation in the offspring.
Back
Sexual
reproduction
Card 3
Front
Two stage process of cell division that reduced the chromosome number of
daughter cells. It is involved in making gametes for sexual reproduction.
Back
Card 4
Front
The process by which evolution takes place. Organisms produce more offspring than
the environment can support. Only those that are most suited to their environment
will survive to breed and pass on their useful characteristics to their offspring.
Back
Card 5
Front
Nitrogenous compounds that make up part of the structure of DNA and RNA. They
are represented by the letters A, C, T and G.
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