Renal 8- Acid base imbalances: part 2

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1. Used therapeutically to
enhance excretion of weak acids
improves ionisation, so less reabsorbed
reduce urinary tract inflammation + infection
prevent urate + cystine renal stone formation
increases solubility, so less precipitation. Alkalanisation of the

  • sodium carbonate
  • sodium bicarbonate
  • citric acid with potassium citrate
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2. E.g. chronic bronchitis, this example initiated by airflow obstruction associated with chronic bronchitis leading to hypoventilation, i.e. venting too little carbon dioxide in exhaled air. This elicits a rise in blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (hype

  • respiratory acidosis
  • respiratory alkalosis
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • metabolic acidosis

3. E.g. loss of stomach acid through vomiting. representing a net gain of bicarbonate, resulting in what?

  • metabolic acidosis
  • respiratory acidosis
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • respiratory alkalosis

4. involving the primary loss of bicarbonate anion as in e.g. from the gut in diarrhoea or from the kidney related to the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. This naturally causes the ratio of bicarbonate anion to carbon dioxide to decrease and with it, pH

  • normal or non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
  • normal or non-anion gap metabolic alkalosis

5. what is an example example related to an excess of an acidic drug. This translates to a change (a net loss) in blood bicarbonate (as it’s consumed in attempting to buffer the acidity. E.g. overdose with an acidic drug

  • respiratory alkalosis
  • metabolic acidosis
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • respiratory acidosis
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