Radioactive Materials

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What is the smallest part of an element?
Atom
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Where is the mass of an atom mainly concentrated?
The Nucleus
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What is the weight of an Electron?
1/1840
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What happens to alpha particles passing close to a nucleus?
They are deflected
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What holds protons and neutrons in the nucleus together?
A strong nuclear force
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What is an 'Isotope?'
A form of an element which has different neutrons to the most commonly found form.
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What does ionising radiation do?
Knocks out electrons from atoms and forms a positive ion.
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What percentage is the background radiation of gamma from rocks?
13%
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Radioactivity is...
Random
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The amount of radiation emitted is dependant on...
The amount of the radioactive element present
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What is gamma radiation?
An electromagnetic wave
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What is radiation measured in?
Sv
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What can ionising radiation do humans?
Cause radiation sickness
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What does low-intensity radiation do?
Cause cell mutations that lead to cancer
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What is alpha radiation?
Large, highly ionising and can't pass through the skin
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Beta and Gamma are...
Highly penetrating
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What charge is alpha?
2+
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What mass is Beta?
Very light
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What range (in air) does Beta have?
1m
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What frequencey do gamma rays have?
Very High
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What do ions do?
Interfere with the structure of DNA
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What happens when a radioactive nucleus emits alpha or beta?
The number of protons and neutrons changes
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What does the activity of a radioactive sample depend on?
Number of unstable nuclei present
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What is the half-life of a radioisotope?
The time taken for half of all the atoms to decay
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What is the method called for treating cancer with radiation?
Radiotherapy
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What radiation is used to treat cancer?
Gamma
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Why is food zapped with gamma last?
So that other bacterium don't get in and multiply
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what is used for detecting tumours?
Radioactive tracers
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What triggers smoke alarms?
Carbon particles turn the alpha source into a He atom
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On a paper thickness guage, what will happen to the radiation if the sheet becomes thicker?
It will decrease
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What do PET scans for active cancers detect?
Increased Glucose
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What is a Hazard?
Anything which may cause harm
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What is the main isotope in food?
K-40
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What do film badges do?
Monitor radiation
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Fission...
Causes an atom to split
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What force attracts the protons and neutrons?
Strong Nuclear Force
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What does the 'm' mean in E=mc2
Mass lost during fission
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where is the mass of an atom mainly concentrated?

Back

The Nucleus

Card 3

Front

What is the weight of an Electron?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens to alpha particles passing close to a nucleus?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What holds protons and neutrons in the nucleus together?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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