psychopathology ; behaviourist explanation for phobias

?
TWO-PROCESS MODEL
DGDF
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behaviourists emphasise role of what in acquisition of behaviour?
learning
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whst are the three key behavioural aspects of phobias?
endurance / avoidance / panic
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and behavioural approach is geared toward?
explaining these > cog / emo aspects
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who proposed the two-process model?
mowrer
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based on?
behavioural approach to phobias
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this states phobias are acquired by?
classical conditioning
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and continue because of?
operant conditioning
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- acquisition by classical conditioning
dfg
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classical conditioning involves learning by?
association
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so applied to fears its the association of which two things?
something we initially have no fear of with something that already triggers fear
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what is the name of the researchers who were nasty and made the big sutyd to show this?
watson and rayner
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on the 9mo baby called?
little albert
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did he show amny unusal anxiety @ start stuy?
no
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when shown a white rat he tried to?
play with it
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however experimenters set out to?
give him a phobia
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whenever the rat was presented they did what?
made a loud scary bang behind his ear
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what was the rat?
neutral stimulus
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the noise?
unconditioned stimulus
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and the unconditioned response was?
reat
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when rat and band together in time what hapens?
they become associated
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and what happens when albert shown a rat?
frightened
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rat is now?
conditioned stimulus
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and fear is?
conditioned response
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this conditioning then generalised to?
similar objects
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and he showed dstress at the sight of?
non-white rabbit / fur coat
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- maintentance by operant conditioning
sd
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operant takes place when behaviour is one of which two things?
reinforced / punished
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reinforcement tends to to what do frequency of behavioir?
increase
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this is true of which two types of reinforcement?
negative an dpositive
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in case of negative reinforcement individual does what?
avoids unpleasantsituation
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such behaviour results in desirable consequence meaning?
behaviour repeated
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mowrer suggested when we avoid phobic stimulus we successfully do what?
escape fear / anxiety that we would've suffered if we remained
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this reduction in fear does what?
reinforces avoidance behaviour
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so hwat happens to phobia?
mntnd
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EVALUATION
DF
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:) good explanatory power
fdfg
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2process definite step forward when proposed bc went beyond?
watson + rayner's classical conditioning
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explained what about phobias?
how could be maintained over time
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and this had important implications for?
therapies
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because explaines why patients needed to be?
exposed t ostimulus
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once patient is prevented from practicing avoidance behavioiur what happens to it>
behaviour ceases to be reinforced and declines
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ttherefore what is a strength of two-process?
application to therapy
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:( alternative explanation for avoidance behaviour
sdf
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not all avoidance behaviours seem to be associated with?
anxiety reduction
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at least in more complex phobias like (think shameless)?
agoraphobia
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evidence to suggest some avoidance behaviour appears to be motivated by?
positive feelings of safety
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in other words the motivating factor in choosing not to leave house is to do what rather than avoid phobic stimulus
stick to safety factor
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this explains why some patients with agoraphobia are able to leave the house when?
with a trusted person
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problem for two-process model bc it suggests acoidance is motivated by?
anxiety reduction
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:( incomplete explanatin of phobias
dgdf
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even if we accept cc/oc are involved there's some aspects?
that need more explainng
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bounton points out what kind of factors have an important role in phobias not ptd out by 2process?
evolutionary factors
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adaptive to require some fears which seligman called?
biological preparedness
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which is?
innate disposition to acquire cetrain fears
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why does this phenomenon of preparedness show problem for 2factor theory?
shows there's more to acquirign phobias than simple conditioning
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EVAL EXTRA
DFFH
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:( phobias that don't follow traumas
dfg
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why are these bad for two-process model?
no accouont for cc/oc
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behaviourists emphasise role of what in acquisition of behaviour?

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learning

Card 3

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whst are the three key behavioural aspects of phobias?

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Card 4

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and behavioural approach is geared toward?

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Card 5

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who proposed the two-process model?

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