Psychology term One Assessment (Classwork)

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  • Created by: hanneyb02
  • Created on: 07-12-16 19:49
Memory definition
Learning that has persisted over time, information that has been stored and in many cases recalled.
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Recall definition
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier.
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Recognition definition
A measure of memory in which the person need only identify previous terms learnt.
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Relearning definition
A measure of memory the assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again.
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What is the process of memory?
This is what needs to happen in order for you to remember.
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What is Encoding?
Changing information so that it can be stored.
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What is Storage?
Holding info in the memory system .
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What is Retrieval?
Recovering information from storage.
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Capacity definition
Amount of information that can be stored in memory.
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Duration definition
Length of time that memories can be held in storage.
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Coding definition
Format or means by which information is represented in memory
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What are the three types of LTM and what do they store?
Semantic - Facts, Episodic - Personal, Procedural - How to do something
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Episodic memory
The memory of personal events (e.g. birthdays and awards etc). It is a long term store.
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Semantic memory
The memory of facts (e.g. dates in history etc). It is a long term store.
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Procedural memory
The knowledge of doing something (e.g. riding a bike or knowing how to swim).It is a long term store.
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What clinical evidence do we have to support the idea that the different types of LTM are stored differently?
There are 2 men that remembered how to tie their shoes and play the piano as well as meaning of words. However, the remember nothing from the past (5 years - 30 mins ago). If it was all 1 thing how could one part be damaged & not the other.
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Case study of Clive Wearing
Brain infection that left him with a moment to moment memory. He's procedural memory was intact But his semantic memory was damaged (could play the piano but when asked says no). Episodic is damaged.
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Case study of Clive Wearing Pt.2
He's LTM and STM are both impaired (moment to moment memory). This shows that they are stored separately
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What are are the 5 different stores and their sensory input?
Echoic (Auditory), Iconic (Visual), Haptic (Tactile), Gustatory (Taste) and Olfactory (Smell)
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What is Reliability
Consistency
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What is Validity
Accuracy
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Hypothesis definition
A testable statement about the relationship between two variables in an experiment, these are the independent variable and the dependent variable.
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Dependent Variable definiton
What is measured to see if its effected by the independent variable.
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Independent Variable definition
The variable that is changed to look for an effect on the dependant variable it produces the two conditions of the experiment.
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Independent Measures definition
A type of design method used during an experiment that involves two or more separate groups, each containing different individuals, where each participant only takes part in each condition once.
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Standardised Instructions definition
These are clear instructions about exactly what the participants will have to do in the experiment.
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Standardised Procedures definition
A set order of carrying out a study that is applied to all participants when necessary.
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Standardised definition
When elements of an experiment are made clear and concise to the participants involved.
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Murdochs serial position curve study (Aim)
He aimed to prove that we were effected by primacy and recency effects (Primacy - things at the start of a list, Recency - things most recently in the list)
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Murdochs serial position curve study (Method)
In his study he gave participants a list of 15 words that were shown to them consecutively for 2 seconds per word. At the end they were asked to recall as many as possible.
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Murdochs serial position curve study (Results)
Once he had collected the results from each person he discovered that we were effected by primac and recency effects as the participant could remeber words from the start (recalled more) and the end (more recent) but not the middle.
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Murdochs serial position curve study (Evaluation)
(G) Useful because it can be easily controlled (length of words) and repeated to test for reliability. (B) The participants may be able to catch on to the the purpose of the experiment and therefor guess the aim and potentially sabotage answers.
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Murdochs serial position curve study (Evaluation) Pt. 2
(G) Cause (IV) and Effect (DV) can be identified i.e we can show that the position in the list effects the recall. (B) Artificial environment and task. Not commonly asked to remember a list of random words and recall them lacks ecological validity.
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Schema definition
A mental buildin block of knowledge containing information about a specific event in your life.
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Bartlett's War of Ghosts (Aim)
To see if, when given something unfamiliar to remember, people alter information.
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Bartlett's War of Ghosts (Method)
Participants were asked to read a story called The War of Ghosts (Native American legend). They were than later asked to recall the story and tell it as accurately as possible (re-telling repeated over next few weeks)
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Bartlett's War of Ghosts (Results)
Bartlett found that his participants found it more difficult to remember things concerned with spirits (unrealistic things) and changed other bits so that it made sense to them. Every time they retold the story they changed it even more
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Bartlett's War of Ghosts (Evaluation)
(G)It proves that we use schemas as they changed and adapted the story to make it make sense to them. (B) Some people can memorise text better than others. (B) There isn't a way to reliably score the recall accuracy.
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What is 'effort after meaning'?
The idea that remembering involves an active attempt to make sense of the past. It reconstructs memory using facts and previous knowledge and schemas so that the true events and the false memory become indistinguishable.
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Interference definition
Things we have learnt that get in the way of each other. they make it difficult to recall other inforamation.
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2 types of interference
Retroactive (interference of old with new), Proactive (interference of new with old)
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Context definition
General setting or environment in which activities happen. It is believed that you recall information better when in the same context.
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Godden and Baddeley (in and out refer to water)
They wanted to investigate the effects of context. To do this they got a group of deep sea divers and split them into 4 groups (1: learn in, recall in, 2: learn in and recall out, 3: learn out and recall out, 4: learn out recall in)
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Godden and Baddeley (Results)
They found that the recall of Gorups 1 and 3 (recalled and learnt in the same context) was 40% more accurate than 2 and 4 (different context)
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What are False Memories?
The recall of an event which did not actually occur.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier.

Back

Recall definition

Card 3

Front

A measure of memory in which the person need only identify previous terms learnt.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A measure of memory the assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

This is what needs to happen in order for you to remember.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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