Psychology-Social Influence

?
  • Created by: Phoebe.C
  • Created on: 28-03-17 20:13
What are the three types of confomirty proposed by Kelman?
Compliance, Identification and Internalisation
1 of 45
What is compliance?
When an individual adapts their public behaviour but not their private beliefs in order to be accepted and avoid disapproval. Temporary and weak.
2 of 45
What is identification?
When an individual changes both public behaviour and private beliefs as membership of the group is desirable. Dependent on the presence of the group so temporary.
3 of 45
What is internalisation?
When an individual genuinely changes their beliefs to those of the majority because they believe them to be right. It is not dependent on the group so is permenant and strong.
4 of 45
What are the two explanations for conformity proposed by Deutsch and Gerard?
Normative social influence and Informational social influence.
5 of 45
What is normative social influence?
When an individual wants to be accepted by others so agree with them. (Supported by Asch)
6 of 45
Asch's findings
32% conformity to obviously wrong answers with 75% conforming at least once and 5% conforming to all answers. The control group only had 0.04% conformity
7 of 45
Mori and Arai findings
Minority influence-8.2%, Majority influence-19.6% conformity(females 28.6% and males 5%)
8 of 45
Research into size of group (situational variables)
Asch-one confederate-low conformity, 2 confederates-13%, 3 confederates-32% no further confederates increased the conformity rates. Gerard et al-further confederates do increase but the level of increasing decreases.
9 of 45
Research into unanimity (situational variables)
Asch-one confederate agrees with particpant-5.5%, one goes against other confederates and the participant-9%
10 of 45
Research into task difficulty (situational variables)
Asch-When the compaison lines were made more similar the conformity levels increased.
11 of 45
Jenness findings
When individuals discussed their estimates of how many jellybeans are in a jar their second estimate converged towards the group estimate
12 of 45
What is informational social influence?
When an individual is unsure of how to behave or what to believe they look to others to shape their beliefs so that they feel confident.
13 of 45
What is cognitive dissonance?
The unpleasant feeling when an idividual has two contradctory ideas,
14 of 45
Zimbardo's findings
Settled into social roles quickly. De-individuation. Prisoners were released due to crying and rage. Finished after 6 days.
15 of 45
Milgram's findings
62.5% obedience with 100% going up to 300V. Participants twitched or giggled nervously. Three had uncontrollable seizures.
16 of 45
Sheridan and King
Electric shocks to puppies. 54% of males and 100% of females went up to a believed 450 volts.
17 of 45
Burger
Milgram paradigm but ethical due to only being told up to 150 volts, told three times that they could withdraw, clinical psychologist nearby who could intervene.70% obedience-similar to Milgram
18 of 45
What was Burger's exclusion criteria?
Nobody with previous knowledge of Milgram. Nobody with a history of mental problems or stress reactions.
19 of 45
Hofling et al
Doctor over the phone told 22 nurses to administer double the reccomended dose of an unknown drug against the rules. 21 obeyed.
20 of 45
The agentic state
Socialised to obey but this means giving up free will. When individuals obey they enter the agentic state and see themselves as working as an agent of the authority figure.
21 of 45
What is the opposite of the agentic state?
Autonomic state
22 of 45
Research into the agentic state
Milgram-continued to obey dispite moral strain, instructions by phone-20.5% obedience
23 of 45
Research into legitimacy of authority
Milgram- some participants ignored the learner's distress and focussed on following the procedure
24 of 45
Research into proximity
Milgram-teacher and learner in the same room-40%, teacher forces learner's hand onto the shock plate-30%
25 of 45
Research into location
Milgram- office block in a run-down part of town-47.5%
26 of 45
Research into uniforms
Bickman-Ordering people to do tasks-14% to milkman, 19% to civilian and 38% to security guard.
27 of 45
Authoritarian personality
Fromm-right-wing, conservative views. Obedience, submission to authority and domination of minorities.
28 of 45
Adorno et al
Authoritarian personaities are hostile to non-conventional people by hierarchical parenting. Costructed the F-scale.
29 of 45
Research into the authoritarian personality
Elms and Milgram- highly obedient participants in Milgram's original study were more authoritarian on the F-scale than disobedient participants.
30 of 45
Zillmer et al
16 Nazi war criminals scored highly on three F-scale dimensions.
31 of 45
Social support
When there are others in social situations who defy conformity and obey it is easier for an individual to resist these forms of social influence.
32 of 45
Research into social support
Milgram et al-when two confederates left the study early on the obedience rates reduced to 10%
33 of 45
Locus of control
The extent to which an individual believes that they can control events in their life
34 of 45
Research into Locus of control and conformity.
Spector-157 Uni students-high external LoC did conform more but only in Normative social influence situations
35 of 45
Shute's research
Undergraduates to peers with conservative or liberal attitudes to drugs. Internal LoC conformed less to expressing pro-drug atitudes
36 of 45
Research into Locus of control and Obedience
Holland-found no relationship between the two. Blass-reanalysed the data with more precise statistic analysis and found internal LoC more able to resisit obedience
37 of 45
Research into Systematic processing
Taylor et al-disobedience increases when people are encouraged to think about the motives of the authority figure
38 of 45
Research into Morality
Milgram-one participant who did not fully obey was a vicar and disobedience was for a higher authority (God)
39 of 45
Research into personality
Oliner and Oliner-406 people who had sheltered Jews and 126 who had not. Those who had sheltered had an upbringing that stressd helping others and emphasised empathy.
40 of 45
Important factors in minority influence
Commitment,Consistency, flexibility, confidence and unbiased
41 of 45
Moscovici's findings
8.2% conformity with the consistent minority but only 1.25% in the inconsistent minority.
42 of 45
What is social cryptomnesia?
When the minority influence eventually becomes the majority but so gradually that nobody can remember when the change happened
43 of 45
Research into Flexibility
Nemeth-3 participants an d one confederate discussing compensation. Argued for a low amount no effect on the majority. Adapting the view was more sucessful.
44 of 45
Burgoon
Deviant and unexpected behaviours of minorities that leads to deeper-level analysis of ideas being presented. Systematic processing leads to social change.
45 of 45

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

When an individual adapts their public behaviour but not their private beliefs in order to be accepted and avoid disapproval. Temporary and weak.

Back

What is compliance?

Card 3

Front

When an individual changes both public behaviour and private beliefs as membership of the group is desirable. Dependent on the presence of the group so temporary.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

When an individual genuinely changes their beliefs to those of the majority because they believe them to be right. It is not dependent on the group so is permenant and strong.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Normative social influence and Informational social influence.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Conformity resources »