Psychology: Social influence

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  • Created by: Adinahh
  • Created on: 20-03-17 19:12
What is conformity?
The influence of a group of people
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Why people conform?
Need to be liked and need to be right
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Studies into conformity?
Asch and Sherif
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Whats the Aim of Asch?
To see if you can be influenced by other peoples opinions
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Whats the method of Asch?
All but 1 person were confederstes they were shown 4 lines and asked which is the same as the standard line A B or C.
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The results of Aschs study?
32% of the real participants conformed and 74% conformed at least once
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The conclusion of Aschs study?
The Participants knew they were wrong but didnt want to be against the group
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Evaluation of Aschs study?
Lab experiment, so it had tight control over variables so it can be replicated, therefore, its high in reliability
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The aim of Sherifs study?
To discover the effect on judgement of listening to people
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The method of Sherifs study?
Asked participants to estimate how far a spot of light has moved in a dark room, the light didn't move it was due to an optical illusion called Auto Kinetic
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The results of Sherifs study?
Individually the participants gave differnt estimates which differed from each other but in 3's they were similar
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The conclusion of Sherifs study?
The participants used other peoples judgement in ambiguous situations
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Evaluation of Sherifs study?
1) the study was unethical as they didn't know the true aim as a reuslt they didn't give informed consent therefore it breaks ethical guidlines 2) it was a lab experiement so it had tight control over extraneous varibles therefore its reliable
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Factors affecting conformity?
Group size: More people conform so it must be the right answer. Ambiguoius task: not used to the environment so you don't want to look stupid. Unanimous: another persons answer feels more right than yours so you copy them.
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Practical applications of Conformity?
Jury decision making as if 11 people think guilty you probably don't want to be wrong
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Obedience?
Follows order of someone who we percieve to have authority
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Studies into obedience?
Bickman and Milgram
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The aim of Bickman?
See if people are more likely to obey someone in a uniform
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The method of Bickmans?
The confederate wore either a casual jacket or a security jacket and asked someone to pick up litter
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The results of Bickman?
80% obeyed the guard whereas 40% obeyed the man in the jacket
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The conclusion of Bickmans?
Wearing a uniform will increase the sense that a person is a legitimate authority and incease obedience
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Bickman evaluation? (strength and weekness)
(w) 1) unethical as they were decieved so they didn't give informed consent therefore it breaks ethical guidlines (s) 2) ecologically valid as it was a field experiement therefore it can be generalised to real life
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The aim of Milgram?
See if people obey an unreasonable order
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The method of Milgram?
Volunteers, 40 men between 20 and 50, answered an advertisement for a memory experiment for $4:50, 1 was the teacher next door with shock generator asked learner questions if wrong gave a shock
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The results of Milgrams?
Everyone gave 300 volts 65% of the participants gave above 650
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The conclusion of Milgrams study?
People will obey in authority
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Milgrams evaluation?
1) The sample as they only used 20 to 50 year olds therefore it can't be generalised 2)Unethical as they were deceived so they couldn't give full consent therefore it breaks ethical guidlines
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Factors affecting obedience?
Legitimate authority figure: someone you know that has more power than you. Buffers proximaty: has to be a distance between you and the person. Gradual commitment: start off being obedient then get more obedient
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Implications of obedience?
Space shuttle called challenger was allowed to be exploded but could have been prevented as some of the engineers knew it would explode but were persuaded to not say anything as they were a legitimate authority figure
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Social loafing?
When people are in groups they don't put in as much effort in as other people doing the same task on their own
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Studies into social loafing?
Latene et al and Earley
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The aim of Latenes study?
To see if group size effects effort
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The method of latenes study?
84 people told to shout and clap as loud as possible either alone or in 6's each wearing headphones
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The results of Latenes study?
Larger group means less effort and noise
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The conclusion of Latenes study?
People put in less effort into something when they know others are contributing effort to the same task than when they're on there own
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Latene evaluation?
1) Used standardise procedures so it can be recreated so therefore its high in reliability. 2) Unethical as they were decieved as they didn't give informed consent therefore it breaks ethical guidlines
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The aim of Earleys study?
See if culture makes a difference to SL
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The method of Earleys study?
People from US and China had to do tasks alone or in groups SL measured by seeing how much effort put in
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The results of Earleys study?
US reduced effort when in groups but the chinese didn't
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The conclusion of Earleys study?
SL doesn't exist in all cultures some people are willing to work for the group
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Evaluation of Earleys study?
1) Sample cant be generalised to people in the UK and other cultures as other cultures behave different. 2) Unethical as they were deceived so they didn't get informed consent therefore it breaks ethical guidlines
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Factors affecting SL?
Size of the group: more people less effort in the group. Nature of the task: something you like and are passionate about you will work hard on. Culture: some cultures don't SL eg china
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SL implications?
In group presentations
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Deindividuation?
State of losing our sense of individuality and becoming less aware of our responsibility
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Deindividuation occurs when?
In a crowd because we become more anonymous
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Studies into Deindividuation?
Zimbardo
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Aim of Zimbardos study?
See if people in a big city behave more antisocial than people in a small city
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Method of Zimbardos study?
It was a field experiment where Zimbardo put the same car with the bonnet up in Palo Alto and NY
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The results of Zimbardos study?
In Palo Alto the car was not touched only to close it in bad rain but in NY parts were stolen and within 2 weeks little was left
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The conclusion of Zimbardos study?
The deindividuation is caused by living in a big city and leads to an increase in Antisocial behaviour
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Zimbardo Evaluation?
1) High ecological validity as it was in real life therefore it can be generalised to real life. 2) Unethical as they were decieved so they didn't give informed consent therefore it breaks ethical guidlines
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Factors affecting Deindividuation?
Wearing a unifor: makes us like everyone else. Being a part of a gang or clearly identifiable group: people see you as one group not individual people. Hide your identity: makes us anonymous and removes the threat of punishment
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Implications of Deindividuation?
When wearing a uniform in work you don't behave like an individual but as a member of a business, you wear uniforms so they're not easily identifiable
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Bystander intervention?
How much a witness is likely to get involved
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Studies into Bystander intervention?
Latene et Darley and Piliavin
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Bystander Intervention implications?
James Bulger was killed and no one stopped as they thought it was a family issue and they didn't want to gte involved
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The aim of Latene et Darley?
To see if people are less likely to react in an emergency when there are others present
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The method of Latene et Darley?
Participants sat in a room alone or in 3's doing a questionnaire when smoke began to pour in
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The results of Latene et Darley?
75% of those alone went to tell someone within 6 minutes, whereas only 38% of those people in groups of three did
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The conclusion of Latene et Darley?
If there are other people around you it will make you less likely to react in an emergency
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Evaluation of Latene et Darley?
1) Unethical as they were decieved so they didn't give informed consent therefore it breaks ethical guidlines. 2) It has high internal validity as it was a lab experiment so therefore we can establish a cause and effect realationship
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Factors affecting Bystander Intervention?
Empathy, Altruism (helping someone feel good), Diffusion of responsibility (lots of you someone else will do it)
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The aim of Piliavin?
See if appearance of the victim would influence helping behaviour
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The method of Piliavin?
An actor collapsed on the train dressed as a drunk man, an old man and a man with an ugly facial scar. The amount of help he recieved was recorded
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The results of Piliavin?
The old man recieved help 90% of the time the man with the scar 60% and the drunk man 20% of the time
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The conclusion of Piliavin?
Appearence of the person needing help will affect how quickly they get help
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Evaluation of Piliavin?
1) low internal validity, little control over extraneous variables therefore you can't establish a cause and effect relationship 2) High ecological validity as it was conducted in real life so you can generalise to real life
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Why people conform?

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Need to be liked and need to be right

Card 3

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Studies into conformity?

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Card 4

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Whats the Aim of Asch?

Back

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Card 5

Front

Whats the method of Asch?

Back

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