Psychology research methods
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- Created by: sophbearxox
- Created on: 02-05-17 18:51
A statement predicting the outcome of research
Hypothesis
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A statement which predicts a difference or correlation in results
Alternate hypothesis
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A statement which predicts no difference or correlation in results
Null hypothesis
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Anything that is open to change
Variable
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Something the researcher changes or manipulates
Independant variable
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Something that is measured to see if it has changed
Dependant variable
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A variable which could affect the dependant variable if it is not controlled
Extraneous variable
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A way of controlling extraneous variables; to keep variables the same across conditions
Standardisation
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A way of allocating participants to conditions in an experiement
Experimental design
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An experimental design in which participants take part in each condition
Repeated measures design
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An experimental design in which participants are different in each condition
Independant groups design
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A smaller group selected from a larger population
Sample
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The entire a set of people researchers want to generalise in their results
Target population
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An accurate reflection of a larger group
Representative
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A sample for which everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being chosen
Random sample
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A sample drawn from the target population because they are available and conveinient
Opportunity sample
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Issues of research that take into account the welfare of participants
Ethical considerations
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When participants agree to take part in a study and also know what the aim of the study is
Informed consent
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When participants are allowed to stop participating in a study or can stop the study altogether
Right to withdraw
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Protecting the identity of participants by not revealing names and other details
Confidentiality
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A method by which the researcher controls variables and measures he effect
Experiement
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An experiment carried out in a controlled environment
Laboratory experiment
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An experiment carried out in a natural environment
Field experiement
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When participants report their own experiences
Self report
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A set of pre-determined questions which are the same for all participants
Questionnaires
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Questions for which there are set responses to choose from
Closed questions
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Questions for which there are no fixed responses, and partcipants answer as they please
Open questions
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Face to face questioning
Interview
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An interview with pre set questions
Structured interview
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An interview where questions vary depending on the interviewee's reponses
Unstructured interview
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To observe people with their knowledge
Overt observation
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To observe people without them knowing
Covert observation
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To observe people whilst joining in their activities
Participant observation
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To observe people from a distance
Non-participant observation
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An in depth analysis of one person or group
Case study
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A study that analyses two sets of data for a relationship
Correlation study
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A study carried out over a period of time
Longitudinal study
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A study where two or more groups are compared, to investigate changes or differences
Cross sectional study
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Numerical data
Quantitative data
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Descriptive data
Qualitative data
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A type of average; the most popular score in a data set
Mode
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A type of average; the middle score when a data is set in order
Median
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A type of average; the total of a data set divided by the number of scores in it
Mean
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A way of presenting data by sumarising it under headings
Table
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A chart that summarises data by using bars to represent the different frequencies of categories
Bar chart
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A graph that summarises data using a line to show changes in the frequencies of scores
Line graph
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Reflecting the truth
Validity
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Reflecting a real-life situation
Ecological validity
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Consistency
Reliability
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When two or more researchers agree on something
Inter-rater reliability
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Cues in an experiment, which give away the aim
Demand characteristics
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When participants behave differently from normal because they know they are being observed
Observer effect
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This describes responses that participants give when they say what they believe the researcher wants to hear
Social desirability
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Only viewing things from a certain perspective
Bias
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Viewing things from the perspective of one gender
Gender bias
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Viewing things from the perspective of one culture
Cultural bias
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Setting up an experiment and/or interpreting the results to fit a certain idea or theory
Experimenter bias
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A statement which predicts a difference or correlation in results
Back
Alternate hypothesis
Card 3
Front
A statement which predicts no difference or correlation in results
Back
Card 4
Front
Anything that is open to change
Back
Card 5
Front
Something the researcher changes or manipulates
Back
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