Psychology - Psychopathology Key Word Cards

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Cultural Relativism
The view that behaviour cannot be judged properly unless it is viewed in the context of the culture in which it originates.
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Deviation from Social Norms
Abnormal behaviour is seen as a deviation from unstated rules about how one 'ought' to behave. Anything that violates these rules in considered abnormal.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
A list of mental disorders that is used to diagnose mental disorders. For each disorder, a list of clinical characteristics is given, i.e. the symptoms that should be looked for.
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Statistical Infrequency
Abnormality is defined as those behaviours that are extremely rare, i.e. any behaviour that is found in very few people is regarded as abnormal.
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Deviation from Ideal Mental Health
Abnormality is defined in terms of mental health, behaviours that are associated with competence and happiness. Ideal mental health would include a positive attitude towards the self, resistance to stress and an accurate perception of reality.
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Failure to Function Adequately
People are judged on their ability to go about daily life. If they can't do this and are also experiencing distress (or others are distressed by their behaviour) then it is considered a sign of abnormality.
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Depression
A mood disorder where an individual feels sad and/or lacks interest in their usual activities. Further characteristics include irrational negative thoughts, raised or lowered activity levels and difficulties with concentration, sleep and eating.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
An anxiety disorder where anxiety arises from both obsessions (persistent thoughts) and compulsions. A response to obsessions and the person believes the compulsions will reduce anxiety.
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Phobias
A group of mental disorders characterised by high levels of anxiety in response to particular stimulus or a group of stimuli. The anxiety interferes with everyday living.
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Classical Conditioning
Learning through association. A neutral stimulus is consistently paired with an unconditioned stimulus so that it eventually takes on the properties of this stimulus and is able to produce a conditioned response.
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Operant Conditioning
Learning through reinforcement or punishment. If a behaviour is followed by a desirable consequence then that behaviour is more likely to occur again in the future.
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Two-Process Model
A theory that explains the two processes that lead to the development of phobias - they begin through classical conditioning and are maintained through operant.
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Flooding
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Systematic Desensitisation
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Counterconditioning
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Relaxation
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Desensitisation Hierarchy
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ABC Model
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Musturbatory Thinking
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Negative Triad
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Negative Schema
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Schema
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Rational Thinking
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Irrational Thinking
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Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
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Homework
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Behavioural Activation
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Unconditional Positive Regard
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Concordance Rate
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Dopamine
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Gene
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Neurotransmitter
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Diathesis-Stress Model
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Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Gene
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Serotonin Transporter (SERT) / 5-HTT
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Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
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Noradrenaline
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Serotonin
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Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
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Tricyclics
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Benzodiazepines
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Abnormal behaviour is seen as a deviation from unstated rules about how one 'ought' to behave. Anything that violates these rules in considered abnormal.

Back

Deviation from Social Norms

Card 3

Front

A list of mental disorders that is used to diagnose mental disorders. For each disorder, a list of clinical characteristics is given, i.e. the symptoms that should be looked for.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Abnormality is defined as those behaviours that are extremely rare, i.e. any behaviour that is found in very few people is regarded as abnormal.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Abnormality is defined in terms of mental health, behaviours that are associated with competence and happiness. Ideal mental health would include a positive attitude towards the self, resistance to stress and an accurate perception of reality.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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