Psychology

What is COMPLIANCE?

The weakest level of conformity. Normally when someone goes along with a group to gain their approval or if someone is high in authority.

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What is IDENTIFICATION?

This is when someone adjusts their behaviour and opinions publicly and privately due to accepting group. Yet, this can be only temporary (Changes whenleave group.)

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What is INTERNALISATION?

When an individual adjusts their behavour and viewpoints to agree with the groups viewpoints. This is know to be permanent.

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What is NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE? (NSI)

When an individual wants to be accepted, liked and respected by the group. Fear of disapproval, rejection or ridicule. A KEY STUDY WHICH REPRESENTS THIS IS SOLOMON ASCH (1955.)

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What is INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE? (ISI)

When individuals are unsure how to behave in an out of place situation, so they peer onto the behaviour and actions of others. Normally occurs in unfamilliar situations with strangers which makes an individual scared of standing out. (Rejection.)

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Factors which affect conformity.

Group size, Unanimity, Task difficulty.

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How does GROUP SIZE affect coformity?

Asch found with 1 confederate, conformity was 3%. With 2 confererates, this raised to 13%. With 3, raised to 33%. When there was around 15 people, this did not increase or decrease on how people conform. It was usually highest at 4-5.

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How does UNANIMITY affect conformity?

When some incorrect response was given, conformity was as high as 33%.

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How does TASK DIFFICULTY affect conformity?

Research found that conformity increases as the task gets harder (answers less obvious.) Therefore, the confederates look at others for guidance.

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What is a key study for OBEDIENCE?

Stanley Milgram (1963.)

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What are the EXPLANATIONS for obedience?

Agentic State and Legitimacy of authority.

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Agentic state - Obedience

The agentic state is where an individual no longer sees themselves as responsile for their own behaviour. They blame it on the authority figure who gave them those orders. People enter the agentic state as they want to look good to a authority figure

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Legitimacy of Authority - Obedience

The agentic state can only be achieved through an individual believing the person giving orders has legitimate authority of doing so. Eg. The police have authorty over members of the public, so we obey. (Bickman 1974.)

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Situation variables affecting obedience (Milgram.)

Proximity, Location and Power of uniforms.

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Psychology

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