Behaviourism is focused on stimulus-response conditioning and is objective and scientific.
1 of 11
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov devised the Classical Conditioning theory. He made a dog salivate with food, then made it associate food with the sound of a bell. Eventually the dog salivated just from the bell.
2 of 11
B.F. Skinner
B.F. Skinner expanded on Edward Thorndike's study on cats, where they pushed a leaver for food. He made rats press a lever to stop an electrical current beneath them and discovered reinforcement and punishment.
3 of 11
Positive Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement is the addition of something that is liked to strengthen behaviour.
4 of 11
Negative reinforcement
Negative reinforcement is the removal of something that is not liked to strengthen behaviour.
5 of 11
Positive Punishment
Positive punishment is the addition of something that is not liked to weaken behaviour.
6 of 11
Negative Punishment
Negative punishment is the removal of something that is liked to weaken behaviour.
7 of 11
Applications
The Behaviourist School can be applied through aversion therapy. For example, a smoker could be shown unsightly images while smoking as positive punishment to hopefully weaken the behaviour.
8 of 11
Strengths
The Behaviourist school is objective and scientific, it acknowledges the power of the environment in influencing our behaviour.
9 of 11
Weaknesses
The Behaviourist school is deterministic and does not look at the underlying causes of the effects. It also ignores other factors and reduces people to mere reactions.
10 of 11
Little Albert
Little Albert was a study done on classical conditioning. A young boy was shown a rat that he liked and whenever he touched it a loud hammer was banged. Eventually he associated the bang with the rat and feared it.
11 of 11
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Ivan Pavlov devised the Classical Conditioning theory. He made a dog salivate with food, then made it associate food with the sound of a bell. Eventually the dog salivated just from the bell.
Back
Ivan Pavlov
Card 3
Front
B.F. Skinner expanded on Edward Thorndike's study on cats, where they pushed a leaver for food. He made rats press a lever to stop an electrical current beneath them and discovered reinforcement and punishment.
Back
Card 4
Front
Positive reinforcement is the addition of something that is liked to strengthen behaviour.
Back
Card 5
Front
Negative reinforcement is the removal of something that is not liked to strengthen behaviour.
Comments
No comments have yet been made