non-verbal communication, the process of sending and recieving messages through gesture,body language,posture,facial expressions and eye contact.
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what is the definition of verbal communication
speaking directly using verbal communication etc.
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what is the definition of paralinguistics
the vocal features that accompany speech, including tone of voice, emphasis and intonation.
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what are the five functions of nvc
to express emotions, express interpersonal attitudes, accompany speech, presenatation of personality and rituals.
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what are the five assisting functions of nvc
repeating, conflicting,complementing, substituting and regulating.
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what did argyle discover about eye contact
it regulates the flow of conversation, provides feedback on what others are thinking, it expresses emotion
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who did a study into pupil dialation
hess and exline
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explain hess and exlines theory
effect of eye dialation, identical picturesgirl, dialated more attractive, unconscious powerful effect emotion.
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evaluate hess and exlines theory
babies are born with dialated eyes, opinions,show pictures to two groups or one?
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who did a study on eyecontact and the judgement of others
exline et al
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explain exline et als study
different eyecontact, judgement of others, interview 15% 80%, 15% negative 80% positive, more eyecontact seen as a positive thing
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evaluate exline et als theory
cultural differences, you cant isolate body language, qualative data
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name paul ekmans 7 facial expressions
happy,sad,anger,fear,suprise,disgust,contempt
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who did a study into facial expressions?
sackheim et al
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explain sackheim et als theory
which side more expessive more emotive side brain, pictures cut reflected intensity, left more intense, left side controlled by right hemisphere more expresive.
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evaluate sackheim et als theory
previous studies, good methodology, photographer upper lip.
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what are sabin and hardyks 3 postures
postural echo, open posture, closed posture.
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what is the peacock
pushing your chest foward to make yourself more agressive, arogance.
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who did a study into universal gestures
saitz et al
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explain saiz et als theory
compare gestures in usa, columbia 4 african, observed, 65% north america 73% columbia were used by 4 african contries, many gestures are universal
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evaluate saiz et als theory
interpretations, look at small numbers, eco logically invalid
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who did a study into touch
kleinke, argyle alkema gilmore
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explain kleinkes theory
touch increases compliance, phone box money ask them to get it put hand on arm or didnt, money returned if touched, tuch is seen as positive.
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name the four types of personal space
intimate 0.5, personal 1.5, social 4, public 5+
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what are the four factors that affect personal space
individual differences, gender, culture, status
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who did a study into gender
fisher and byrne
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explain fisher and brynes study
gender differences barriers, library sat on table, males didnt like opposite wmen did women used barriers,
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evaluate fisher and brynes study
individual differences, attractivness, gender of confederate
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what did felipe and sommer do
invader sat in chair and moved it closer 70% had left their seats where as 13% left when there was a seat in between
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explain middlemists theory
physiologically arousal, urinal next to at the end no one, closer they were longer it took, invasion of space produces physiologica arousal
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what did hall say
france, greece have closer personal distance and high sensory contact.
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what did baxter say
african americans interact more closely inside where as mexican americans interact outside
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what did zahn say
when people of equal status approach eachother and chat, they stand closer than those with unequal status
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