Patients say whatever is on their mind without self-censoring. Their aim is for their response to bypass defense mechanisms and allow access to the unconscious mind
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What are dreams seen as in 'Dream Analysis'?
Dreams are seen as 'the royal route to the unconscious'. They are also a disguised, symbolic expression of repressed desires allowing the therapist to access the unconscious mind.
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What are the two contents of a dream?
Manifest and latent content (Freud distinguished the differences between them)
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What is the 'manifest content' of a dream?
It's what it's appears to be all about
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What is the 'latent content' of a dream?
The true meaning of the dream. The latent content of dreams, to Freud, was often SEXUAL.
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GIve examples fo Freudian symbols
Sword, trains, snakes=phallic. Tunnels, cupboards and caves=vaginal
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What do these Freudian symbols suggest about the person's mind?
In dreams, these represent sexual desires and anxieties
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Describe the process of 'Transference'
This is the process by which the patient projects on to the analyst characteristics of important people in their life. The therapist 'stands in' for that person. This allows the acting out of repressed feelings
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Describe the process of 'Projective tests'
These involve presenting the patient with stimulus material and asking for their response to it.
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How are the response materials interpreted?
The response is interpreted as showing something important about the person's UNCONSCIOUS WISHES, ANXIETIES ETC.
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Give an example of a response material
Rorschach ink blot test
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Why is this resource material potentially unreliable?
Different people interpret things differently and is therefore not objective
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Evaluations: Why do psychoanalysts restrain from having its effectiveness tested through rigorous research?
They often argue that they see it work in their therapy sessions and do not need evidence. This is aver unscientific attitude-any claim of effectiveness should be based on research evidence.
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What was the improvement rate on Eysenck's review on the effectiveness of psychoanalysis?
An improvement rate of 66% for patients in psychoanalysis AND those who had not treatment!!!!!!1!!!11!!!12!!
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What were the criticisms of Eysenck's review?
He was BIASED in his choice of studies, excluding good studies that supported psychoanalysis and including poor studies that did not support it.
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In another reanalysis (after Eysenck's), what were the results of B&G's reanalysis?
about an 80% improvement for this is psychoanalysis and a 30-40% improvement for no treatment. (It is rather worrying that such different results can arise from two different analyses!)
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What was the small minor issue with B&G's reanalysis?
The analysis was conducted before meta-analysis was invented, so the process of analysis was less systematic
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Identify the key strengths of meta-analysis
Many different studies, big sample size, more reliable, you can COMPARE to different conditions
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What problem is there with comparing psychoanalysis to a 'no treatment' condition? (Hint=consider the length of the treatment)
Psychoanalysis is a long process and people may just get better naturally
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How suitable is it for psychotic disorders like schizophrenia?
Not very, this is because psychoanalysis requires insight, which is lacking in schizophrenic patients (sorry, schizophrenics)
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What disorders is it most appropriate for then?
Anxiety disorders. Meta-analysis found that it is most successful with 'complex mental disorders' eg personality disorders, mixed symptoms of depression and anxiety
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What is the argument between Psychoanalysis and Behavioral therapy?
Behavioral only treats the symptoms and not the underlying cause. Psychoanalysts argue that symtom substitution will occur in such therapies (dysfunctional behavior will replace the original behaviour)
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Why might psychoanalysis be considered unethical?
The treatment may be traumatic for the patient. And the power relationship between the relationship is unequal (Psychoanalyst can determine what is going on in your mind in an authoritative manner)
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Why might psychoanalysis be impractical?
It is very time consuming and therefore expensive, disruptive to patients lives, most people can get better using much quicker and hence cheaper therapies.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the process behind 'Free Association'?
Back
Patients say whatever is on their mind without self-censoring. Their aim is for their response to bypass defense mechanisms and allow access to the unconscious mind
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