PS2822 week 2 Attention

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What is colour-grapheme synthesis?
Where an individual's perception of numerals and letters is associated with the experience of colors
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Feature Integration Theory (FIT)
Treisman & Gelade (1980)
Features such as colour, form, motion, texture are organized in maps. Each map provides information about the location in the visual field of that particular feature.

Processing of these maps is done early and in parallel (pop-ou
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Illusory Conjunction
In the pre-attentive stage an object’s features are floating. Because they are not attached to a particular object, they can become potentially attached to any object in the display. When this happen an illusory conjunction is created.
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Distributing attentional processing
Alerting – achieving a high
sensitivity to incoming stimuli.

Orienting – is focusing attention where visual targets might appear.
Both overt and covert (e.g.,pre-cueing task)

Executive control of attention – occurs for tasks that involve conflict, su
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Default-Mode network
DMN is a network of brain regions that are active when the individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at wakeful rest.
-generates spontaneous thoughts, may relate to creativity.
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Neural mechanisms of attentional control in mindfulness meditation.
Alerting - Sutained attention focused on an object.

Default Mode - Distracted, mind wandering.

Salience - Monitoring, recognized wandering.

Executive - Disengaging, letting go.

Orienting - Shifting attention, return to object.
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1- Filter Theory
Filter takes place at the sensory level based on physical characteristics (colour, sound frequency, location...).

Only one channel of sensory information is allowed to proceed through the filter to reach further processes of perception and cognition.
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2- Attenuation Theory of Attention (1964)
A leaky filter model
Commons or especially important words have low threshold, so even a weak signal in the unattended channel can activate that word (we hear our name from across the room).
Uncommon or unimportant words have higher threshold, so it takes
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3- Late Selection Theory
Information could be filtered out at different levels of processing
depending on the need of the task.
Unattended information changes the interpretation of the ambiguous word.
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4- Load Theory of Attention
Processing capacity : how much information a person can handle at any given moment?

Perceptual load i.e. the difficulty of a given task
High-load (difficult) tasks use higher amounts of processing capacity
Low-load (easy) tasks use lower amounts of proce
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Automatic vs. Controlled processing
• Automatic Processing
Low attention demands
Associated with easy and/or well-practiced tasks.
Can occur without intention

• Controlled Processing
High attention demands
Associated with difficult tasks that might not become automatic, even with high leve
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Stroop task
• Automatic Word reading interferes with color naming even when we are not trying to read the words.

• Not intentionally controlled
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Overt vs Covert Attention
Overt : moving the eyes to look directly at object of interest

Covert : attending to, or shifting attention to a location in the visual field different from where the eye are fixated.
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Inattentional blindness and change blindness
Inattentional blindness: a stimulus that is not attended is not perceived, even though a person might be looking directly at it.

Change Blindness: inability to detect a change in the environment. (e.g. continuity errors in films)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Feature Integration Theory (FIT)

Back

Treisman & Gelade (1980)
Features such as colour, form, motion, texture are organized in maps. Each map provides information about the location in the visual field of that particular feature.

Processing of these maps is done early and in parallel (pop-ou

Card 3

Front

Illusory Conjunction

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Distributing attentional processing

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Default-Mode network

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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