proteins

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  • Created by: arwaa__ah
  • Created on: 05-02-15 21:09
What is an amino acid?
A protein molecule is made up of long chains of small units called amino acids.
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What is a catalyst?
A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction, but it is not used up in the reaction.
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What is the active site?
This special shape allows other molecules (substrates) to fit into the enzyme protein.
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What are controlled by biological catalysts?
Chemical reactions rates controlled by enzymes.
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How do enzymes act to speed up reactions in your body?
By using a catalyst.
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In which three places in the body is amylase produced?
The salivary gland & the pancreas & the small intestine
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In which three places in the body is protease produced?
the stomach & the pancreas & the small intestine.
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In which three places in the body is lipase produced?
the pancreas & the small intestine
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Where in the body is bile produced,stored and used?
Bile is an alkaline substance produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It is secreted into the small intestine, where it emulsifies fats.
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Why does milk left in the sun go off?
The milk will go off as enzymes in bacteria break down the proteins structure.
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What does it mean if an enzyme is denatured?
Change the pH and the enzyme stops working. Increasing the temperature to 60°C will cause a permanent change to the shape of the active site. This is why enzymes stop working when they are heated. We say they have become denatured.
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what is the optimum tempreure for a plant?
37
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Why does your stomach produce hydrochloric acid?
to kill bacteria & to give it the right ph for the protease enzyme to work. (ph2-acidic)
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If enzymes arent killed what happens to them?
They become denatured
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Why do your enzymes almost always have the right temperature to work at their best?
Because your body has an ideal temperature that allows them to work as fast as possible.
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How does your stomach avoid digesting itself?
Your stomach produces a thick layer of mucus. This coats your stomach walls and protects them from being digested by the acid and the enzymes.
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Why does the food coming into your small intestine need neutralizing?
The food coming into your small intestine needs neutralizing because it will provide the ideal conditions needed for the enzymes in the small intestine.
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What is biological washing powder?
Biological washing powder is to remove stains such as grass, sweat and food form their clothes. Biological washing powders contains protease and lipases.
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Why does starch need to be converted to sugar before it is used to make ethanol?
Yeast can't digest starch, but can digest sugar (glucose) to then produce ethanol.
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What are the advantages of using enzymes?
Enzymes catalyse a reaction and so without them an otherwise slow reaction is sped up&n industry because it means products can be mass produced at a great rate.
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What are the disadvantages of enzymes?
Products like tinned fruits have to get boiled before they can be processed as it is a regulation of the foods standards agency so that all germs are killed which would lead to the heating the enzymes become denatured.
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What is aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the presence of Oxygen
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What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose+oxygen~>carbon dioxide +water (+energy)
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Why do mitochondria have folded inner membranes?
This provides a large surface area for the enzymes involved in aerobic respiration.
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Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria but fat cells have very few?
Muscle cells need a lot of energy. They're constantly using ATP so that your muscles can contract (actually the ATP causes them to relax, not contract.
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why do you need more energy when you exercise?
Your muscles contract even harder and faster.as a result they need more glucose and oxygen to supply their energy needs.
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Why do you produce more carbon dioxide when you are exercising hard?
During exercise your muscular activity increases, your breathing increases and you breath in more deeply.
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How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration, takes place without oxygen and aerobic respiration takes place with respiration.
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Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration.
Glucose~>lactic acid(+energy)
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What is an oxygen debt?
When you have to repay the oxygen you didn't get to your muscles in time because your lungs, heart and blood wouldn't keep up with the demands earlier on.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a catalyst?

Back

A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction, but it is not used up in the reaction.

Card 3

Front

What is the active site?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are controlled by biological catalysts?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How do enzymes act to speed up reactions in your body?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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