Two stages - First is transcription then is translation
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What is the first step in transcription?
The DNA in a gene unzips by breaking the weak hydrogen bonds between bases in the double helix.
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What is the second step in transcription?
One strand of the gene is used as a template. Bases that are complementary to this strand link together opposite it, forming a molecule of mRNA
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What is the difference between RNA and DNA?
RNA doesn't have two strands and has a base called uracil instead of thymine.
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How small is mRNA?
It is small enough to move out of the nucleus into the cell's cytoplasm
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Where does translation happen?
Translation takes place on ribosomes
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What are the first step of translation?
In the cytoplasm, the mRNA attaches to a small structure called a ribosome.
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What are the second step of translation?
The ribosome moves from one end of mRNA strand to the other, decoding the bases in groups of three, known as base triplets or codons.
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What are the third step of translation?
Each amino acid is attached to a tRNA molecule, and each tRNA molecule has a triplet of bases. The triplet of bases controls which amino acid is attached.
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What are the fourth step of translation?
As the ribosome moves to the next codon on the mRNA, the tRNA with complementary bases lines up with the codon. The tRNA releases the amino acid that is was carrying which joins on to the growing amino acid chain.
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What are the fifth step of translation?
The tRNA is released as the ribosome moves on to the next codon, where the next tRNA with its amino acid lines up.
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What are the sixth step of translation?
This continues until the mRNA strand is completely decoded. The chain of amino acids is called a polypetide. The polypetide then twists and folds and may link up with other polypetides to become a protein.
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What is a polypetide?
A chain of amino acids that will form part of a protein
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What forms a genetic code?
The order of bases on a DNA strand.
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How many different amino acids are there in human proteins?
20
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What are amino acids?
A small molecule that is the building block of proteins
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What is protein synthesis?
The building up of a protein molecule by joining together amino acids.
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How is an amino acid identified?
It is identified by a different group of bases
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What does a specific order of bases in DNA produce?
It produces a specific order of amino acids in the chain and so produces a particular protein.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How many stages does it take to make a protein?
Back
Two stages - First is transcription then is translation
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