It is a universal concept and can be applied to all countries in the world. It provides a starting point for the study of demographic change over time. The timescales are flexible. its easy to understand. Comparisons can be made between countries.
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Why limitations does the DTM present?
The original model didnt include the 5th stage. It is eurocentric and assumes that all countries will follow the european sequence of socioeconomic changes. Does not include the role of governments. Does not include impacts of migration.
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why did the UK take over 100 years to complete?
Because social, economic and technological changes were introduced. The DR fell slowly.
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Why did the DR fall more rapidly in LEDC's?
western medical practices have taken placemore quickly but the BR stayed high due and the population is still increasing. failure to moe into the next stage could result in lack of resources.
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What are the 5 stages of the DTM? (order)
High fluctuating, early expanding, late expanding, low fluctuating and declining/fluctuating.
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Give examples of countries for each stage of the DTM.
HIgh BR and DR= due to work, high infant mortality and religious social beliefs. Low total Population. dependancy ratio tipped towards young dut to low life expectancy=large extended families.
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Changes throughout the different stages. Stage 2
Falling DR, still quite high but falling BR. Increasing total population- improvements in education and medical care. Industrialisation.
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Changes throughout the different stages. Stage 3
BR still falling aswell as DR. Total population rapidly increasing. Standards of living improve along with medical care, education and sanitation.
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Changes throughout the different stages. Stage 4
HIgh total population. BR and DR drop due to women making choices (career vs family). Alot putting careers first. DR drop due to better medical care in comparison to other stages.
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Changes throughout the different stages. Stage 5
Becoming more technological- tertiary. Declining BR and DR
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Whats the difference between immigration and emmigration?
Immigration is coming into the country, Emmigration is leaving the country.
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positive effects of migration
Ethnic diversity, multi-cultural society, hope, more people to work= improved economy, immigrants do low paid jobs the british dont want.
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Negative effects of migration
Higher crime rates, benefit stereotypes (housing), racism, send money back to home country=no money being put back into the economy
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Examples of migration
Forced migration, International Migration, migration, net migration, rural to urban and urban to rural, voluntary migration.
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Why does fertility rate vary?
DR, education, healthcare/contraception. religion, age structure, political influences, economic factors, social classes
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Whats the caste system?
A caste system is a class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some societies, if your parents are poor, you're going to be poor, too.
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Why does mortality vary?
AIDS, clean water, contraception, lack of healthcare and poor sanitation
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Factors which effect population (linked ot the DTM)
Jobs, conflicts, healthcare (no. of doctors, diet, AIDS, Diseases), sanitation, BR, contraception, DR, GDP, Education, Life expectancy.
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Explain the population structures for the 4 DTM stages.
1- high proportion are young 2-Very higgh proportion are young 3- increasing numbers-surviving to old age 4- high proportion of population are ageing.
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Explain Dependancy ratio
Shows the relationship between the economically active and population and the non economically active.
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How is dependancy ratio calculated?
(% of population aged 0-14 + % of population aged 65+) / %population aged 15-65 all times by 100
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why limitations does the DTM present?
Back
The original model didnt include the 5th stage. It is eurocentric and assumes that all countries will follow the european sequence of socioeconomic changes. Does not include the role of governments. Does not include impacts of migration.
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