Physiology of Human Cells

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  • Created by: saraht83
  • Created on: 11-12-16 17:01
Homeostasis is the ability of the body to
Quickly restore changed conditions to normal
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When body temperature rises, a centre in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
Negative feedback
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Each of the following is an example of homeostasis except one. Identify the exception.
A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus
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Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the
Mitochondria
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Passive transport refers to a process that requires
No cellular energy
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As the charge on the membrane of a neurone approaches 0 from -70mV, the cell is
Depolarizing
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Compared to the outside surface, the inside of a resting cell membrane is
Negatively charged
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The most significant difference between a paracrine and an autocrine agent is
The cell that responds to it
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Cyclic AMP activates
Protein kinase A
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An ion widely important in intracellular signalling is
Calcium
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When phospholipase C is activated
IP3 is formed
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A full antagonist
Competes with agonists for its receptor
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Lipophilic hormones
Bind to receptors inside the cytoplasm or nucleus
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When stimulated by a particular hormone, there is a marked increase in the activity of G proteins in the membrane. The hormone is probably
A peptide
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The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
A G protein
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When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,
A second messenger appears in the cytoplasm
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When adenylate cyclase is activated,
cAMP is formed
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The most complex endocrine responses involve the
Hypothalamus
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The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
Prolactin
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Which statement does NOT apply to the skeletal muscles?
They are the only muscles classified as striated
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Which statement about cardiac muscle is false?
It is easily fatigued
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The purpose of transverse tubules is to
Rapidly conduct action potentials to the interior of the muscle fibre
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Most of the time, the parallel thick and thin filaments of the myofibrils are connected by ______ that span the space between the parallel thick and thin filaments.
Crossbridges
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The I band contains
Thin filaments
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As ATP binds to the myosin head at the beginning of a muscle contraction cycle,
The myosin head detaches from actin
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The power strok begins when
The inorganic phosphate and ADP are released from the myosin
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The period of time during which the sarcomeres return to their resting length is referred to as
The relaxation phase
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Within a single fibre, the tension developed during a twitch depends on
The length of the sarcomeres prior to contraction
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The afferent and efferent axons together form the
Peripheral nervous system
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Neurotransmitters are released from the
Axon terminals
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An action potential
Is conducted without decrement - the first is the same as the last
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Each of these statements are true, except one. Identify the exception.
IPSPs depolarise the membrane
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The falling (hyperpolarising) phase of the action potential is due primarily to
Potassium flowing out of the cell
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Once an action potential has begun, a second action potential cannot be triggered for a short period of time, no matter how large the stimulus. The time period is called
Absolute refractory period
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The all-or-none principle states that
All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce action potentials of identical magnitude
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Saltatory conduction refers to
Action potentials "leaping" from one node of Ranvier to the next
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The ion needed to initiate the release of acetlycholine into the synaptic cleft is
Calcium
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The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the
Golgi tendon organ reflex
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The reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex by making compensatory adjustments on the opposite side of the body receiving the stimulus is the
Crossed extensor reflex
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In which region is somatosensory information integrated before being processed in the cortex?
Thalamus
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The region in which stimuli activate a sensory neuron is called its...
Receptive field
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A slowly adapting receptor is said to be...
Tonic
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The structure that contains hair cells for hearing is called...
Organ of Corti
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The ion required to trigger neurotransmitter release in a hair cells is
Calcium
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Increased calcium concentration in taste cells result from
Cell depolarisation
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Which statement is false?
Taste cells are primary sensory neurons
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According to experiments in mice, salty taste is detected at the...
Tip of the tongue
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Olfactory receptors are located on the...
Olfactory epithelial cells
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The structure where olfactory receptor neuron axons synapse with mitral cell dendrites is called a...
Glomerulus
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Card 2

Front

When body temperature rises, a centre in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of

Back

Negative feedback

Card 3

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Each of the following is an example of homeostasis except one. Identify the exception.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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Passive transport refers to a process that requires

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