what happens when you change the number of protons of an element
a new element is formed
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what is a radioactive material
material that decays naturally and gives out nuclear radiation
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what do you detect radioactive materials with
Geiger Muller tube and counter- detects rate of decay of substance
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how is activity measured
by counting av. no. nuclei that decay each second ( count rate Becquerel- Bq)
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how is activity calculated
no. nuclei decayed/ time taken
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when the count rate falls what does this show
activity of radioactive substance decreases over time
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what is an alpha particle made up of
2 protons and 2 neutrons
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whats are alpha particles atomic mass
4
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what are alpha particles stopped by
paper, skin, 10 cm air
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what is the charge of an alpha particle
2+
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what radioactive particle has the strongest ionising effect and why
biggest- 4 particles- so collides more often and has a high charge of 2+
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what is a beta particle
high speed electron
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what are 4 properties of a beta particle
-1ve, atomic mass 1/1860, weak ionising and strongly deflected
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what is a beta particle stopped by
1m air, few mm of Aluminium
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what is gamma
high energy electromagnetic radiation wave
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give 3 properties of gamma
no charge, no atomic mass, no deflection
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what is gamma stopped by
cm Lead, m concrete
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what is ionisation
make a neutral atom into a charge
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what is alpha poisoning
polonium-210 emits alpha particles that if injested into organs release energy that creates reactive particles called free radicals that form deadly toxins in cells
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what happens during alpha decay
alpha particles emit from nucleus
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what 3 changes occur in alpha decay
mass number decreases by 4, proton number decreases by 2, new element forms
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what happens in beta decay
nucleus sends out a high speed electron as a neutron decays into a proton
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what 3 changes occur in beta decay
new element, proton (atomic) number decreases by 1, mass number stays the same
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is a radioactive material
Back
material that decays naturally and gives out nuclear radiation
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