Physical Geography

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Natural hazard
A natural event that threatens people or has the potential to cause damage, destruction and death. E.g. earthquakes/volcanoes.
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Natural disaster
A natural hazard that has already happened
(Extreme events that do not pose any threat to human activity are not counted as hazards e.g. an avalanche in Antarctica.)
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Tectonic hazards
Movement of the crusts plates
• Volcanoes
• Earthquakes
• Tsunamis
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Atmospheric hazards
Occur due to changes in temperatures
• Hurricanes
• Tornadoes
• Drought
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Geomorphological hazard
Occur on the surface of the earth
• Flooding
• Landslides
• Mudflows
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Biological hazards
Involved living organisms
• Forest fires
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Hazard risk
The probability (chance) that a natural hazard occurs.
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Urbanization
Most people now live in cities and densely populated areas are at most risk of damage from natural events e.g. living on a floodplain in Bangladesh.
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Poverty
This forces people, especially in LICs, to live in these places e.g. unstable buildings or on unstable land. They do not have the capacity to cope with events e.g. due to money.
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Climate Change
Warmer airs lead to hurricanes an droughts and wetter areas are prone to more floods e.g. more frequent natural hazards.
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Farming
River water contains silt which makes farm land fertile. Living on these floodplains is dangerous due to flood risk
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Why do people live in areas that are prone to natural disasters?
• Cannot predict the timing, location or magnitude
• Cannot move due to money, lack of knowledge or language barrier
• Worth staying for jobs and resources
• Don’t want to go as it might not happen and there are defenses in place
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Crust
Rock. This is divided into tectonic plates (two types of crust = continental and oceanic).
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Mantle
Semi-molten rock: Magma. The upper part of the mantle is called the asthenosphere which is a bit like a plastic. It moves slowly.
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Inner core
Rock
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Outer core
Liquid
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Tectonic plates
The earth’s surface is split into huge floating plates (tectonic plates)
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Plate Margins/Boundaries
The place where tectonic plates meet
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Continental Crust
Thick (20 - 200km)
Less dense
Formed of granite rock
Floats
Is not destroyed
Old at up to 3.8 billion years old
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OCEANIC CRUST
Thin (5-10km)
Dense
Formed of basaltic rock
Sinks
Recycled at destructive margins
Less than 200 million years old
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A natural hazard that has already happened
(Extreme events that do not pose any threat to human activity are not counted as hazards e.g. an avalanche in Antarctica.)

Back

Natural disaster

Card 3

Front

Movement of the crusts plates
• Volcanoes
• Earthquakes
• Tsunamis

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Occur due to changes in temperatures
• Hurricanes
• Tornadoes
• Drought

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Occur on the surface of the earth
• Flooding
• Landslides
• Mudflows

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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