Photosynthesis

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  • Created by: Phil
  • Created on: 10-04-13 14:04
Define autotrophs.
Organisms that can synthesis complex organic molecules from inorganic molecules and an energy source.
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Define chemoautotrophs.
organisms that use inorganic molecules and energy from chem reactions to synthesise complex organic molecules.
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Define Photoautotroph.
Organisms that use inorganic molecules and energy from sunlight to synthesise comple organic molecules.
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Define Heterotrophic
Organisms that ingest and sigest complex organic molecules, releasing chem potention energy stored in them.
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Define Dicotyledon.
A group of flowering plants whose seed typically contains 2 embryonic leaves and has vascular tissue in a branching network.
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Define Transpiration
The loss of water vapour through the stomata in the underside of a leaf due to evaperation.
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Translocation
The movemtn of sucrose and other sugars up and down a plant from a source to a sink
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Define source
The part of a plant that releases sucrose and other sugars into the phloem.
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Define Sink.
The part of the plant that removes sucrose and other sugars from the phloem.
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Define Lamina
The flat surface of a leaf blade.
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Define Midrib
The central vein of a leaf.
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Define Petiole
A stalk that attaches a leaf to a stem.
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Name the three pathways by which water can travel through a root and name the differences.
Apoplast, Symplast and Vacuolar. A= through spaces in cell wall. S= Through cytoplasm via the plasma membranes and plasmodesmata, V is sinilar to S but water is not confined to the cytoplasm and can pass through vacuoles.
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Diagram Chloroplast, (name the 10 features of the chloroplast)
Stroma, inner membrane, outer membrane, granum, loop of DNA, Thylakoid,inter membrane space, ribosomes, lipid droplets, start grain.
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Name two difference between the inter and outer membrane of a chloroplast
Outer= permeable to many small ions, inner is less permeable. Inner = contains transport proteins and folds into lamellea.
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Name 3 ways in which chloroplasts are adapted for their role.
1.Inner membrane can control what goes in and out of cell due to transport proteins. 2.Photosynthetic pigments are arranged in photosystems to allow maximum light absorb. 3. Many stacks of granum provide a large SA.
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Define photsynthetic pigments. Where are they located and what colour do they appear to us?
Substances that can absorb certain wavelegnths of light and reflect others. They are located in the thylakoid membranes and they appear to be the colour that they reflect to us.
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Two types of chlorophyll a, where are they found?
P700, found in PS1 and P680 found in PS2.
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Describe the structure of a chlorophyll.
consists of a long hydrocarbon chain and a pophyrin group (that acts simnilar to haem group but contains magnesium instead of iron)
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What happens when light hits chlorophyll?
A pair of electrons associated with the magnesium become excited.
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What is the role of primary pigments? examples?
Reaction centres that are involved in the light dependant stage of photosynthesis. Eg Chlorophyll a.
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What is the role of acessory pigments? eg?
Absorb light energy and pass it on to the primary pigments. eg, Chlorophyll b and the caratenoids (carotene Xanthophyll)
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Where is PS1 and PS2 found?
PS1 = Intergranal lamellae, PS2 =Granal Lamellae
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Where does the light dependant phase take place?
On the thylakoid membranes.
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What is Photolysis?
The splitting of water into H ions electrons and oxygen by an enzyme in PS2.
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Processes Photophosphorylation cyclic and non.
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Products of the light dependant phase?
reduced NADP and ATP.
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Where does the light independent phase of photsynthesis take place?
In the stroma.
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PRocess Caliv cycle.
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What is 2GP used for?
Amino acids and fatty acids.
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What is 2TP used for?
Hexose sugars and glycerol.
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How are lipids formed from the calvin cycle?
By combing fatty acids (from 2GP) with Glycerol from 2TP.
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Define limiting factor.
The factor that is present at the lowest or least favourable value.
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4 factors that affect photosyn?
Co2 supply, water supply, light intensity and a suitable pgment.,
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3 ways to measure rate of photosyn?
Measure the colume of o2 produced per unit time, measure the rate of uptake of co2 or measure the rate of increase in dry mass of the plants.
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Diagram/Process Measureing the affects of light intesntiegt on the rate of photsyn
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define chemoautotrophs.

Back

organisms that use inorganic molecules and energy from chem reactions to synthesise complex organic molecules.

Card 3

Front

Define Photoautotroph.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define Heterotrophic

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define Dicotyledon.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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