life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect
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what is psychological well-being?
positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and personal growth
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what are four consequences of the medical model?
1. psychologists became pathologists/victimisers
2. we forgot about improving normal and high talent
3. what about positive interventions
4. human ability to thrive
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What did Garmezy (1974) find?
amount children at high risk for psychopathology was a subset of children who had a surprisingly healthy subset of adaptive patterns
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define resilience
heritable characteristics, distinctive qualities, strengths, or. aspects of personality which are relatively stable over time
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What is the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale?
Connor and Davidson (2003)
- widely used measure of resilience - contents of scales drawn from several studies
- also been used to access the resiliecnce asa personality trait
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What are some studies to support resilience?
Wagnild & Young (1990): balanced perspective of life, self-resilience and attributing a meaning to life
High self-worth correlated with extraversion, friendliness and openness to new experiences (Davey et al. 2003)
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How do the big 5 personality traits correlated with resilience?
r = 0.46 with neuroticism
r = 0.42 for extraversion
r = 0.34 for openness
r = 0.31 for agreeableness
r = 0.42 for conscientiousness
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What does Rutter (2007) believe?
people can only become resilient in the presence of adversity and that this dynamic process can vary in different contexts
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What does Gillespie et al. (2007) believe?
resilience is the process of struggle against hardship and can be learned at any age
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What is Bronfenbrenner's Social Ecological Systems Theory that (1989)?
the environment surrounding children, adolescents, or youth influence their cognitive and affective developments.
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What is mechanism of sensitisation?
resilience skill degrades as a result of accumulated trauma
e.g. Fossion et al. (2013) - those who had experienced multiple trauma condition had a lower level of resilience
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What is immunisation mechanism?
we become immune/better able to cope as a result of accumulated stress and trauma
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What did the Resilience Enhancement Programme for Students find?
Study 1: Experimental group – lower perceived stress and neuroticism and increased in self-esteem relative to control group.
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What is the association between mental health and resilience?
Lamers et al. (2012)
Psychopathology and emotional stability (neuroticism) r= -.52
Positive mental health
Extraversion r= .27
Agreeableness r= .23
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What did Kotov et al. (2010)
All diagnostic groups (depression, anxiety, substance abuse) were high on neuroticism and low on conscientiousness
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What is the spectrum model?
- assumes that neuroticism and psychopathology reflect the same process
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What is the common causal model?
Personality traits and mental health disorders share genetic and environmental determinants.
Neuroticism and psychopathology have similar underlying “causes”
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What is the vulnerability model?
Similar approach to diathesis-stress models in mental health
Having high/low levels of a trait increase risk and probability to having a mental disorder
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What is the state and scar model?
If personality traits are higher after a mental health episode has passed, this may suggest that scarring has occurred. Changes in personality persist after recovery.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is psychological well-being?
Back
positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and personal growth
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