Pathogens


?
If a virus kills a large proportion of the hosts they infect, this is said to be a __________
New relationshop
1 of 54
Ellerman and Bang, and Rous reported that viruses could cause ________
Cancer
2 of 54
Much of the early work on viruses was with
Bacteral Viruses
3 of 54
During the multiplication of viruses, if the phage ratio to bacteria ratio is low, no greater than 2:1, then the cells are lysed
From within by the phage
4 of 54
When there are so many phages in a bacteria, then the cell is lysed due to ______
Directly, cell wall weakening
5 of 54
The first stage in virus multiplication is _________, where it binds to a specific receptor proteins on the membran
Attatchment
6 of 54
After attachment, the virus must _______
Penetrate
7 of 54
After penetration, the virus must lose all of the proteins that make up the particle this is known as ________
Uncoating
8 of 54
Attachment, penetration and uncoating ___________
Do not require energy in ATP hydroylysis
9 of 54
The ribosomes for viral translation are ___________
Made by the virus
10 of 54
The viral genomes and newly synthesised proteins come together, this is known as _________
Assembly
11 of 54
After the genome and protein have assembled they must be ________
Released
12 of 54
After the assembly of protein and genome, the maturation phase occurs this is ____________
Before or after release
13 of 54
Virus particles may contain __________
DNA or RNA
14 of 54
Evidence that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophage T2
Hershey Case
15 of 54
The causative agent of potato spindle tuber disease is ________ as it lacks any protein omponent and consists entirely of RNA
Viroid
16 of 54
Bacteriophage such as T2 etc contain hydroxymethylcytosine instead of
Cytosine
17 of 54
Viral phage protein can be distinguished from bacterial protein by it's
Interaction with antibodies
18 of 54
Release of some bacterial viruses is sometimes an ___________
Enzymatic process
19 of 54
A major difference between animal and bacterial viruses is
Time scale for multiplication
20 of 54
Viruses ________ synthesise ribosomes
Can't
21 of 54
Chlamydia is considered an ___________
Intermediate between virus and bacteris
22 of 54
The two theories for the origin of viruses are that the viruses were degenerative, derived from pro/eukaryotic cells or that they ___________
Are nucleic acid that accidentally entered a cell and escaped
23 of 54
Recombination and mutation contribute to virus
Evolution
24 of 54
The compatability of individual segments of genes making up the genome is a limiter to ___________
Unlimited creation of new viruses
25 of 54
There is no molecular proof reading mechanism in ________ synthesis
RNA
26 of 54
Influenza A can reassort, despite compatability issues, and can escape recognition in _______
4 years
27 of 54
RNA viruses mutate around ________ times faster than DNA viruses
1 million
28 of 54
Viruses can be seen by _________
Electron microscopes
29 of 54
Viruses are detected ________ via multiplication and the effect they cause, serology (antibodies) or detection of vial nucleic acids
Indirectly
30 of 54
Viruses in the gut are generally
Unculturable
31 of 54
The pathology that a virus causes in an infected cell is known as the __________
Cytopathic effect
32 of 54
Heteroploid cells are _________
Immortal
33 of 54
Cultured cells for virus work are usually _______
Heteroploid
34 of 54
An antiserum is produced after blood has clotted and _________
The liquid left behind contains antibodies
35 of 54
Viruses contain no enzymes of energy metabolism, thus ________ make ATP
Can't
36 of 54
A package of genetic information protected by a protein shell for delivery into a host cell to be expressed and replicated
Virus
37 of 54
The protein coat of a virus is known as
Capsid
38 of 54
The viral capsid functions to protect and __________
Recognise receptors on host
39 of 54
Glycoproteins usually spike out of the _______ of the virus
Lipid envelope
40 of 54
Animal viruses are mostly icosahedral (regular polyhedron with 12 corners, 20 faces, 30 edges) or____________
Helical
41 of 54
Some viruses are the size of eukaryotic cells
False`
42 of 54
There have been __ orders of viruses classified
6
43 of 54
Virus classification is based on _________
Analysis of the particle
44 of 54
Generally, DNA virus replication occurs in the _______
Nucleus
45 of 54
Generally, RNA virus replication occurs in the
Cytoplasm
46 of 54
DNA viruses are __________
Mostly non enveloped
47 of 54
RNA viruses are ________
Mostly enveloped
48 of 54
DNA viruses are _________
Mostly icosahedral
49 of 54
RNA viruses are ______
Mostly helical symmetry
50 of 54
In order to replicate all viruses must present the host cell with
mRNA
51 of 54
Replication of viruses is known as the __________ phase
Eclipse
52 of 54
During _______ the viral proteins bind to specific molecules on cell surfaces, for flu, HA binds to sialic acid
Adsorption
53 of 54
This involves fusion for enveloped viruses, and conformational changes in receptor binding proteins
Penetration
54 of 54

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Ellerman and Bang, and Rous reported that viruses could cause ________

Back

Cancer

Card 3

Front

Much of the early work on viruses was with

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

During the multiplication of viruses, if the phage ratio to bacteria ratio is low, no greater than 2:1, then the cells are lysed

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When there are so many phages in a bacteria, then the cell is lysed due to ______

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all pathog resources »