Biology-B3-Disease and Prevention

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  • Created by: tonisha_
  • Created on: 28-05-21 19:56
What is a pathogen?
a microorganism that causes disease
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What are the four main types of pathogens?
bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi
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Name two types of bacterial diseases?
salmonella and gonorrhoea
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Salmonella food poisoning is spread by bacteria ________ in _______ or on food _______ in _______ conditions
spread by bacteria ingested in food or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions
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What are the symptoms of Salmonella?
(5)
vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, fever, food poisoning
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In the Uk poultry are?
vaccinated against salmonella to prevent the spread
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How can Salmonella be prevented?
wash hands prior to preparing
cook food thoroughly
separate raw and cooked food
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What is Gonorrhoea?
a sexually transmitted disease (STD)
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What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?
(3)
thick yellow or green discharge from penis or vagina
pain when urinating
bleeding between periods.
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What is also possible whilst having Gonorrhoea?
having no symptoms
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How can it be spread?
through unprotected sex.
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What cannot survive outside of the body for long?
the Gonorrhoea bacterium
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How can Gonorrhoea be prevented?
Use contraception (condoms)
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How can it be treated?
By antibiotic injections or tablets
however it doesn't make you immune from it
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What is a previous method used to treat Gonorrhoea and why is it not used now?
penicillin used to treat it but bacteria evolved and the penicillin became resistant
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How do bacteria make us ill?
they enter the body
they begin to replicate rapidly
bacteria releases toxins
These toxins damage our cells and tissues
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What is a key difference between bacteria and viruses?
bacteria can replicate anywhere
viruses have to enter a host cell
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How do viruses make us ill?
Virus enters our body
Virus HAS to enter a host cell
Virus begins to replicate
Virus causes cell to burst
Releases more of virus to infect other cells
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What is one place that viruses cannot replicate?
surfaces
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How can bacteria and viruses be transmitted?
water
airborne
direct contact
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What are some examples of viruses?
Measles
HIV
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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What are Measles?
a highly contagious and airborne disease
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How long can it take for symptoms to develop?
10 to 12 days
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What are some of the common symptoms of Measles?
(4)
fever, runny nose, cough, red rash all over body
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Measles is spread through the inhalation of?
droplets of a sneeze or cough
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What are two unusual symptoms of Measles?
(2)
pneumonia (a lung infection)
encephalitis (a brain infection where brain swells up)
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How are Measles prevented?
Most people are vaccinated against it when they are one year old (MMR vaccine)
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What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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How is HIV spread?
sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids (e.g. drug needles)
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What do the HIV virus specifically attack?
The white blood cells (lymphocytes)
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What are some of the symptoms of HIV?
(3)
flu-like symptoms, tiredness, aches
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What usually happens after this?
the person will get better but the immune system will be weaker.
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How can HIV be treated?
Using antiretroviral drugs to stop virus replicating inside the body
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How often are these taken?
every day
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How can HIV be prevented?
Use contraception (condoms)
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What happens if the virus manages to damage the immune system?
Body wont be able to deal with infections or cancers
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What does this cause?
Person is then diagnosed with AIDS
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What are AIDS?
a reduced and weaker immune system.
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What is Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
a virus that affects many species of plants.
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For example?
tomatoes
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What does this virus cause on the leaves?
a mosaic pattern
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What does this mean?
The leaves will discolour
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Why is the leaves discolouring bad?
stunts the growth of plants as they cant carry out photosynthesis efficiently
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How can plants become infected?
wounds created by human handling
contaminated farming/gardening equipment
contaminated seeds
Via insects
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What have scientific studies shown?
plants cant get infected on their own
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What is an example of a fungal disease?
Rose Black Spot
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What is Rose Black Spot?
a disease affecting rose plants
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What does it cause?
purple or black spots to develop on the leaves of rose plants
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What happens once the spots develop?
The leaf turns yellow and it drops off
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What does this cause?
Less photosynthesis
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How can it be spread?
through water and wind
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How can it be treated?
using fungicides
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How can it be prevented?
removing the affected leaves
this prevents the spread
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What is an example of a protist disease?
Malaria
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What are four ways disease can be prevented?
being hygienic ( washing hands)
destroying vectors (using insecticides or destroying habitat)
Isolating individuals (prevents spread)
Vaccination (cant develop infection)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the four main types of pathogens?

Back

bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi

Card 3

Front

Name two types of bacterial diseases?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Salmonella food poisoning is spread by bacteria ________ in _______ or on food _______ in _______ conditions

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the symptoms of Salmonella?
(5)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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