pain and pain management 1,2,3

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1. What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
1. Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular
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2. What is the trigeminal sensory pathway?
2. From the primary afferent neurone entering the CNS (from PNS) it synapses with another nerve: trigeminal sensory nuclei THIS is the first connection. It then goes to thalamus through the trigemino – thalamic tract and then to somatosensory cortex
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3. What is a ganglion?
3. Collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
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4. What is the name of the ganglion in the trigeminal nerve?
4. Trigeminal/semilunar/gasserian
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5. What are the 4 subdivisions of the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex
5. Trigeminal main sensory nucleus, nucleus oralis, interpolaris, caudalis
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6. Why do people get V tractotomy?
6. To lose ipsilateral facial pain/hot/cold but still feel touch.
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7. Nucleus caudalis is the site for synapses for?
7. Pain, hot, cold
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8. What kind of nerves does N oralis contain?
8. Nerves that send info about pain from teeth. Nociceptive inputs to N oralis from teeth
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9. What happens if the MSN is damaged?
9. Ipsilateral loss of touch to face. Still feel pain, hot, cold
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10. Where are the afferent nerves come from in the motor root?
10. From all muscle spindles and some PDLM’s
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11. What is the name of the nucleus for the motor root?
11. Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus
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12. What are the cell bodies in this nucleus?
12. Jaw muscle spindle afferents and some mechanoreceptive afferents from the PDL
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what is a noxious stimulus
potentially damaging stimulus
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what is nociception
the activation of neural pathways by stimuli that damage or threaten to damage tissues
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what is nociceptive stimulus
a stimulus that activates nociceptive pathways (in research)
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what are the non sensory effects of nociception
protective reflexes, cardiovascular reflexes, alertness
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talk about the sodium potassium pump
Uses ATP  Transports Na+ out of the cell  Transports K+ into the cell  Ratio: 3Na+ out for every 2K+ in  Helps maintains concentration gradients
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what is the equilibrium potential of potassium ions and sodium ions
-90mV, +60mV
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what is absolute and relative refractory period
absolute: Na+ channels not in their resting configuration  An action potential cannot occur. Relative: The K+ channels are open Membrane ishyperpolarised  An action potential can occur but it requires a larger stimulus
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what has an effect on nerve conduction velocity
width of axon- increases axon diameter, lower resistance, faster conduction. Myelination- myelin sheath is an insulator. node of ranvier exposed axon-ion channels. local current flow node to node. depolarisation jumps node to node
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give the classification of nerves from the slowest to fastest and what do they transmit
C, A gamma, A beta, A alpha. C: slow, burning pain, lasts longer. A gamma: sharp pricking pain, doesn't last that long. A beta: sensory fibres, afferent fibres linked to sensation of touch to detect mechanical stimuli touch fibres. A alpha: motor
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Card 2

Front

2. What is the trigeminal sensory pathway?

Back

2. From the primary afferent neurone entering the CNS (from PNS) it synapses with another nerve: trigeminal sensory nuclei THIS is the first connection. It then goes to thalamus through the trigemino – thalamic tract and then to somatosensory cortex

Card 3

Front

3. What is a ganglion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

4. What is the name of the ganglion in the trigeminal nerve?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

5. What are the 4 subdivisions of the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex

Back

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