salivary glands disorders

?
What is aplasia and when does it occur
failure to develop normally. may occur as an isolated event or as part of a hereditary syndrome like down syndrome
1 of 41
what is atresia and what duct is more often affected when it occurs
failure to be tubular . submandibular
2 of 41
what is a mucocoele and what are the 2 types of this
it is a cystic cavity filled with mucus . extravasation mucocoele (also called mucous extravasation cyst) and retention mucocoele (also called mucous retention cyst)
3 of 41
What are the clinical features of extravasation mucocoeles
Presents as a bluish or transparent swelling,Asymptomatic,Leaked saliva elicits an inflammatory reaction,Typically history of trauma associated with the lesion  Due to ruptured duct with leakage of saliva into surrounding connective tissue,
4 of 41
continued
Occurs over a wide age range but most frequently seen in children and young adults,Most commonly affects minor glands especially in the lower lip
5 of 41
what is the histopathology of mucous extravasation cyst
Lesion appears as a cystic cavity filled with mucin in connective tissue  Mucin is surrounded by inflamed granulation tissue, typically with lots of macrophages  Not classed as a true cyst as no epithelial lining
6 of 41
what is the treatment for mucous extravasation cyst
Removal of all of the mucocoele (excision) together with the associated ruptured duct and gland where possible to prevent recurrence
7 of 41
what are the clinical features of mucous retention cyst
Similar appearance to but less common than extravasation cyst Rare on lower lip Can affect the major and minor glands Represents cystic dilatation of a duct typically due to obstruction
8 of 41
what is the histopathology of mucous retention cyst and what is the treatment
Mucin retained within a dilated duct Cyst lining is epithelial lining of the duct As saliva is retained within the duct and doesn’t escape, there is much less inflammation, treatment : excision
9 of 41
what are the clinical features of ranula?
Presents as painless soft bluish swelling in floor of mouth Unilateral 2- 3 cm in size It’s an uncommon form of mucous extravastion cyst arising from sublingual gland A ‘plunging ranula’ arises when the mucin passes through and develops below
10 of 41
continued+ treatment ?
develops below mylohyoid as swelling in neck, treatment: Drainage of the cystic cavity and removal of sublingual gland
11 of 41
what is sialadenitis
inflammation of salivary glands).
12 of 41
what are the clinical features of acute bacterial sialadentis
Parotid most often affected,Decreased salivary flow is major predisposing factor, pain, swelling, tenderness, exudation of pus. There may be redness of overlying skin.
13 of 41
what bacteria is associated with acute bacterial sialodentis and what is the treatment
Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci and oral anaerobes, Appropriate antibiotics after culture/sensitivity testing
14 of 41
what are the clinical features of chronic bacterial sialadentis
Usually secondary to duct obstruction Obstruction most frequently caused by stones/salivary calculi/mucous plugs (parotid) Submandibular gland most often affected Typically unilateral May be asymptomatic/ may be intermittent painful swelling meal
15 of 41
what are salivary canaliculi caused by
mineralisation of phosphates from supersaturated saliva being deposited around a central nidus of cell debris
16 of 41
what is the histopathology of chronic bacterial sialadenitis
The salivary acini become atrophic and are replaced by fibrous scar tissue The salivary ducts within the gland become dilated and there is often hyperplasia of duct the epithelium A chronic inflammatory infiltrate with predominantly plasma cells an
17 of 41
continued
lymphocytes is seen within the gland
18 of 41
what is the treatment for chronic bacterial sialadenitis
The gland may recover from mild sialadenitis if the associated obstruction can be removed If more extensive sialadenitis, the obstruction and gland requires to be excised.
19 of 41
what could progressive chronic inflammation result in
almost complete replacement of salivary parenchyma by fibrous tissue. This can result in a firm mass within the gland which may be mistaken for a neoplasm
20 of 41
what are mumps (symptoms ) and how do they spread
Acute, contagious infection caused by paramyxovirus Spreads via saliva Mumps causes painful swelling of parotids and other exocrine glands. Patients also present with fever, headache, malaise
21 of 41
talk about HIV associated salivary gland disease
Causes swelling of major glands (most frequently parotid) and may be bilateral. Gland swelling is occasionally painful and soft to palpate. Multiple cysts are seen on imaging of the glands
22 of 41
what are the clinical features of necrotising sialometaplasia
It mainly affects minor salivary glands, especially those in the hard palate Presents as a large, deep ulcer May be painful Slow to heal, often takes several weeks
23 of 41
what can necrotising sialometaplasia arise from and what are the histopathological features
arises due to ischaemia or infarction secondary to trauma. The histopathological features include necrosis of salivary acini, inflammation and hyperplasia/metaplasia of salivary ducts
24 of 41
what is the treatment for necrotising sialometaplasia
None required, it slowly resolves itself. Biopsy is usually curative.
25 of 41
what is sjogren's syndrome
autoimmune disease of unknown cause characterised by lymphocytic infiltration and acinar destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands (and other exocrine glands).
26 of 41
what are the 2 forms of sjogren's syndrome
Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome:Patients have dry eyes and/or a dry mouth with no associated connective tissue disease.  Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome: Patients have dry eyes and/or, a dry mouth and a connective tissue disease, eg Rheumatoid Arthritis
27 of 41
what are the clinical features of sjogre's syndrome
Systemic symptoms including fatigue, joint pain, peripheral neuropathy Complications of dry mouth- caries, periodontal disease, difficulty with swallowing, speech, taste, predisposition to infections There may be swelling of salivary glands,
28 of 41
continued
esp parotids Eye problems due to dry eyes Connective tissue disease in 2 ̊ Sjögren’s syndrome. Patients with Primary Sjögren’s syndrome have an increased risk of developing lymphoma in affected glands
29 of 41
A combination of diagnostic tests is used in the diagnosis of Sjögren’s Syndrome. what are they
One test is a labial gland biopsy taken from the lower lip.The biopsy aims to sample 5-8 minor glands  The biopsy is examined, in particular noting focal periductal collections of 50 or more lymphocytes  The number of foci of one or more focus of
30 of 41
continued
50> lymphocytes in 4mm2 of salivary tissue is counted  A score of one or more is suggestive of Sjögren’s Syndrome
31 of 41
how is sjogren managed
Systemic symptoms e.g. joint pain, fatigue normally assessed and managed by Rheumatology  Opthalmology for eye symptoms  Dry mouth – as for other causes of dry mouth - stimulation and/or replacement  Some saliva replacement products specifically
32 of 41
continued
licensed for use in Sjogren’s  The systemic acetyl choline esterase inhibitor pilocarpine may be prescribed by specialists to stimulate saliva production in patients with Sjogren’s  Caries prevention
33 of 41
what is sialadenosis
non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic, bilateral, symmetrical swelling of salivary glands  Predominantly parotid glands affected  Painless  Associated with malnutrition, anorexia, bulimia, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, certain drugs and hormonal
34 of 41
continued
isturbances  Results in hypertrophy of serous acini  Not entirely understood but changes likely due to salivary gland innervation problem secondary to peripheral autonomic neuropathy
35 of 41
what is a core and an open biopsy
Core Biopsy- a larger hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue  Open Biopsy- a surgical incision is made then an incisional biopsy of the lesion taken
36 of 41
what is an excision
Excision- all of the tumour is removed for diagnosis and treatment
37 of 41
what are the 5 categories of tumours
Malignanttumours 2. Benigntumours 3. Non-neoplasticepitheliallesions 4. Benignsofttissuelesions 5. Haematolymphoidtumours
38 of 41
what is the histopathology of mucoepidemoid carcinoma
The tumour is unencapsulated and displays an infiltrative pattern of growth. It consists of variable proportions of 3 types of tumour cell:  Mucous-secreting cells  Epidermoid (squamoid) cells  Intermediate cells
39 of 41
what is the histopathology of pleomorphic adenoma
Well-circumscribed tumour Incomplete fibrous capsule (tumour nodules can extend through capsule) May be cystic,ariety of histological appearances with a complex intermingling of epithelial and myoepithelial components. Tumour epithelial cells
40 of 41
continued
ifferentiate to connective tissue type and can form connective tissue eg cartilage, bone
41 of 41

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is atresia and what duct is more often affected when it occurs

Back

failure to be tubular . submandibular

Card 3

Front

what is a mucocoele and what are the 2 types of this

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the clinical features of extravasation mucocoeles

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

continued

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Dentistry resources:

See all Dentistry resources »See all oral biology resources »