P7
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- Created by: sotes003.302
- Created on: 15-04-19 13:59
What discoveries did Earnest Rutherford make -
Discovered Alpha and Beta Radiation / Alpha is made of positive particles / Alpha particle scattering experiment proving the existence of a positive nucleus
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What is a Radioactive substance -
A substance with an unstable nuclei which becomes less stable as it emits radiation - its nucleus is 'Decaying'
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Bohr and the Plum Pudding model -
An atom is made of a proton with electrons attached to the surface / Bohr suggested that electrostatic forces held electrons in place
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Alpha Particle discoveries -
The nuclei is much smaller than the atom / It is positively charged / It has most of the mass of the atom / Rutherford made the Nuclear model
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Chadwick's Discoveries -
He discovered the existence of neutrons in the nucleus
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Atomic Number -
The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom
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Mass Number -
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom
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α emission -
Helium nuclei / Mass of 4 / Atomic number of 2 / When released - the nuclei loses a mass of 4 and a atomic number of 2 / Neutrons may be emitted
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β emission -
One electron / Mass of 0 / Atomic number of -1 / Proton decays into a neutron firing an electron / Causes atomic number to increase by 1
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γ emission -
Electromagnetic wavelength / No mass or charge / Atom remains the same
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Measuring Penetrating Power -
Use a Geiger counter / First measure background radiation / Then measure the source of radiation
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α emission - Penetrating power -
Stopped by paper / Travels 5cm in air
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β emission - Penetration power -
Stopped by thin aluminium / Travels 1m in air
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γ emission - Penetrating power -
Stopped by thick lead / No limit to its distance in air
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Dangers of Radioactivity -
Ionisation risk - Can cause cell mutations / Irradiation - exposure without becoming radioactive / Radioactive contamination
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Safety Precautions for handling radioactive substances -
Special clothing / Thick walls / Equipment used to handle radioactive substances / High risk areas avoided
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Smoke Alarms -
Use alpha radiation / Ionising radiation forms ions which complete a circuit / In too much smoke , the circuit is broken causing the alarm to go off
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Automatic Thickness monitoring -
Beta radiation used / The amount that passes through is measured / It must remain consistent for accurate thickness / Detector used at other end
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Half life -
The average time taken for the count rate to half / activity to half
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Radiation in medicine - Tracker -
Tracking fluids sent into body (radioactive iodine) / It can be monitored through the body / Can check if a kidney is blocked / 8 day half life
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Radiation in medicine - Gamma cameras -
Radioactive isotope is injected / Sent through the body / Gamma camera can detect the radiation / long half life
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Radiation in medicine - Gamma rays -
Gamma rays can be used to kill cancer cells / Can also harm normal cells too
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Radiation in medicine - Radioactive implants -
Implants used in cancer cells to dose radiation to kill the cells
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Nuclear fission -
Used in nuclear reactors / Neuton fired at uranium / Causes nucleus to split and give off 3 more neutrons / Starts chain reaction / Produces a lot of energy
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Nuclear Reactor -
Uranium rods are evenly spaced / Heats water into steam / Steam drives a turbine / Made of thick steel to withstand the heat
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Nuclear Fusion -
Two small nuclei fuse to form a large one / Gives off energy / Only for nuclei smaller than iron / Needs extreme temps / Humans can't use this now
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Background Radiation -
Radiation emitted by background sources / Measures in Sieverts (Sv) / Too much exposure is bad
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Nuclear waste -
Nuclear waste from a reactor is very radioactive / Must be stored specially for many years / Waste has a long half life
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A substance with an unstable nuclei which becomes less stable as it emits radiation - its nucleus is 'Decaying'
Back
What is a Radioactive substance -
Card 3
Front
An atom is made of a proton with electrons attached to the surface / Bohr suggested that electrostatic forces held electrons in place
Back
Card 4
Front
The nuclei is much smaller than the atom / It is positively charged / It has most of the mass of the atom / Rutherford made the Nuclear model
Back
Card 5
Front
He discovered the existence of neutrons in the nucleus
Back
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