P2 - Forces definitions

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Acceleration
The change in velocity/change in time, measure in m/s²
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Average speed
Total distance ÷ total time, usually measured in m/s
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Component (of a force)
One of two forces that you can use to make up a resultant
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Contact force
A force that only acts when objects are in contact
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Displacement
The distance from a point in a particular direction
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Drag
A force that acts opposite to the direction of motion of a body
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Elastic collision
A collision in which kinetic energy is conserved
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Elastic limit
The force beyond which an object, such as a spring, does not return to its original shape when the force is removed
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Equilibrium
An object is in equilibrium if all the forces cancel - the resultant force is zero
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Force arrow
A way to model forces
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Free body diagram
A diagram that shows the forces acting on a single object
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Friction
A contact force. It occurs because the atoms that make up the surfaces interact when rough surfaces slide over each other
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Gradient
The degree of steepness of a graph at any point. Also called slope
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Gravitational field
The region where a mass experiences an attractive force towards another force
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Gravitational field strength
The force on 1 Kg in a gravitational field, also known as the gravity constant
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Gravitational potential energy
The energy transferred to a gravity store when you lift an object in a gravitational field
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Hooke's law
Below the limit of proportionality, the extension is proportional to the force
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Inelastic collision
A collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved
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Inertia
The measure of how difficult it is to change an object's velocity
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Kinetic energy
The energy associated with a kinetic store, calculated with E= 0.5 x m x v²
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Kinetic store
Energy in a kinetic store is associated with a moving object
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Law of conservation of momentum
In any interaction or collision, the momentum before a collison = momentum after
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Limit of proportionality
The point (applied force) beyond which extension is no longer proportional to force
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Linear relationship
A graph of two variables is a straight line through (0,0) if the relationship is linear
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Momentum
Mass x velocity
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Net force
The force when two or more forces are added together as vectors, also called the resulatnt force
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Newton-metre (Nm)
The unit of work, equivalent to the joule. It also the unit for a moment
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Newton's first law of motion
The motion (speed and direction) of an object does not change when the resultant force is zero
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Newton's second law
If the resultant force is not zero the motion of an object (speed or direction) changes
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Newton's third law
Forces come in pairs: the force x on y and the force y on x. The forces are equal and opposite
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Non-contact forces
A force produced because an object is in a field; the objects do not need to be in contact for the force to act
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Non-linear relationship
A graph of two variables is not a straight line through (0,0) if the relationship is non-linear
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Normal contact force
A force that is exerted by a solid surface on an object. Solid objects deform slightly when you exert a force on them, and the bonds between the particles are compressed
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Power
Rate of transfer of energy, or work done ÷ time
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Proportional
Two quantities are proportional if they chnage in the same ratio
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Resultant force
The force when two or ore forces are added together as vectors, also called the net force
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Scalar
A quantity that has a magnitude (size) but no direction
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Slope
Slope measures the steepness of a line on a graph. Also called gradient
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Spring constant
The ratio of a force to extension, a measure of stiffness
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Tension
Solid objects deform slightly when you exert a force on them, and the bonds between the particles are stretched
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Terminal velocity
The velocity that a moving object achieves when the resultant force is zero
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Ultrasound
Sound with a frequency higher than a human hearing, used in medicine, and for finding distances
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Upthrust
The force on an object in a fluid due to the difference in pressure in the fluid acting on the area of the object
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Vector
A quantity that has a direction as well as magnitude (size)
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Velocity
The speed in a particular direction, a vector
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Weight
The force due to gravity that acts on an object
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Work
The transfer of energy. Work is commonly done against gravity or friction. It can be calculated by force x distance
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Average speed

Back

Total distance ÷ total time, usually measured in m/s

Card 3

Front

Component (of a force)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Contact force

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Displacement

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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