Organsiation

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  • Created by: IJM22
  • Created on: 19-02-19 17:58
What do fish have?
A single ciruclatory system
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What is the heart?
An organ consisting of muscle tissue
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How many chambers does the heart have and what are these called?
4. Left ventricle, right ventricle, right artrium and left artrium
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How are the artria separated from the ventricles?
By valves
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Why does the left side of the heart have a thicker muscular wall than the right side?
Because the left ventricle pumps blood around the entire body, so it needs to provide a greater force
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Why are coronary arteries an really important type of blood vessel?
As they provide oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart
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How does contraction happen?
The oxygen used in respiration is used to provide energy for contraction
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How is the natural, resting heart rate controlled?
By a pacemaker
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Where is the pacemaker found?
In the right artrium
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What happens when the pacemaker stops working correct?
Doctors implant an artificial pacemaker
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What does the pacemaker do?
Corrects irregularites in the heart rate
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What do the arteries do?
Carry high pressure blood from the heart to the organs in the body
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Name a key feature about the arteries?
They have thick muscular walls which allow them to withstand the high pressure of the blood
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How does the blood travel though the arteries?
In surges every time the heart beats
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What happens when the surge of blood passes through?
Elastic fibres stretch and then recoils in between surges, which keeps the the blood moving
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What happens when the blood passes through capillaries?
Substances such as glucose and oxygen diffuse from the blood to the cells. Carbon dioxide the diffuses from the cells to the blood
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What feature do capillaries have?
Think walls which means that the diffusion path is very short
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Name an advantage of capillaries having a short diffusion path?
Allows substances to diffuse rapidly between the blood and body cells
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Desrcibe the structure of veins?
1) They have a thin wall as the pressure is low 2) Many veins contain valves which stop the blood from flowing backwards
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Define plasma?
The liquid part of the blood
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What does plasma consist of?
Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
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What is the function of blood plasma?
To transport: 1. Soluble digestion product 2. Carbon dioxide 3. Urea
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What is urea?
Waste product produces inside cells
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What does the red blood cells?
Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells
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How are white blood cells adapted to their function?
They contain a nucleus - which contains DNA which encodes the instructions that the white blood cells need to do their job
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What are platelets?
Tiny fragments of cells
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What is the function of platelets?
To help the blood to clot
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Define cardiovascular diseases?
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
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What type of disease is a cardiovasuclar disease?
A non-communicable
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What happens in coronary heart disease?
Layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries which causes the coronary arteries to narrow
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How does coronary heart disease cause a heart attack?
It results in a lack of oxyegn for the heart muscle which can then make the heart starved of oxygen
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What are statins?
Drugs which reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood - these slow down the rate that fatty materials build up in the arteries
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What is a tube?
A tube that can be inserted into the coronary artery to keep it open
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Name an advantage of stents?
The blood can flow normally through the artery
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Why is it sometimes that someone with cardiovasucular disease may feel weak and tired?
As they have leaky valves
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What happens when heart valves are faulty?
We can replace them with a mechanical valve made of metal or a valve from an animals such as a pig
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Name a advantage and disadvantage of mechanical valves?
They can last a lifetime, but increase the risk of bloodclots which means patients have to take anticlotting drugs
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What are the problems with donated hearts?
The patient has to take drugs to stop the donated heart from being rejected by the body's immune system
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Name a disadvantage of artificial hearts?
They increase the risk of blood clotting and are not a long term solution
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Name a key factor about mitosis
Tightly controlled. Genes in the nucleus tells cells when to divide and when to stop dividing
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How does cancer occur?
When there is an uncontrolled growth of cells and mitosis
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What are Bengin tumours?
Growths of abnormal cells found in one area
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State what happens Bengin tumours?
They stay in one place and do not invade other parts of the body
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State what happens in Malignant cells?
They invade neighbouring tissues and move into the bloodstream
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How do Malignant cells spread in the body?
Once in the bloodstream, the malignant cells spread to different parts of the body and form new tumours
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What is a radon?
A radioactive gas which increases your risk of developing lung cancer as it releases ionising radiation which damages the DNA in our cells
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the heart?

Back

An organ consisting of muscle tissue

Card 3

Front

How many chambers does the heart have and what are these called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How are the artria separated from the ventricles?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why does the left side of the heart have a thicker muscular wall than the right side?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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