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9. Amine to Amide
- acid chloride, r.t.p
- acid chloride, heat under reflux
10. Nitrile to Amine
- LiAlH4, dry ether, heat under reflux
- Acid, heat under reflux
11. amide to CA
- H2O, acid, r.t.p
- H2O, alkali, r.t.p
- H2O, acid, heat
- H2O,alkali, heat
12. acyl chloride to ester
- alcohol,r.t.p
- alcohol, heat
13. Carboxylic acid to amide
- conc. NH3 or NH3 (aq)
- KCN in acid
15. Nitrile to CA
- dilute acid, then H2O, heat under reflux
- conc. acid,then H2O, heat under reflux
16. carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
17. ester to alcohol and CA
- NaOH (aq)or H+(aq), heat under reflux
- LiAlH4, NaOH, heat
- LiAlH4, NaOH, r.t.p
- NaOH(aq), r.t.p
18. acyl chlroide to amide
- NH3 or R-NH2, heat
- NH3 or R-NH2, r.t.p
- conc. NH3, r.t.p