Nucleotides and Nucleic acids

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  • Created by: floberry1
  • Created on: 25-04-17 21:37
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base
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What is a nucleic acid? give two examples
A chain of nucleotides bonded together! e.g. DNA or RNA
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Name the 5 nitrogenous bases
Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Adenine & uracil
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What are the names of the two types of nitrogenous base
Purines and Pyrimidines
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Which nitrogenous bases go in each group?
Guanine and Adenine = purine, Cytosine and Thymine = pyrimidine
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What type of bonds join the components of a nucleotide
covalent bonds
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Where is most of the DNA found in eukaryotic cells
in the nucleus
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Give the full names of both DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) & Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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what kind of reaction joins two nucleotides together? and between which two subunits does this reaction occur?
A condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another
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Which are bigger? purines or pyrimidines?
Purines are larger
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what is the difference between DNA and RNA
RNA has an oxygen in its sugar molecule whereas DNA doesn't, it's missing an oxygen
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what is the bond called joining two nucleotides together called?
phosphodiester bond
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What is the base pairing rule in terms of DNA composition?
there always has to be equal amounts of each base in a pair e.g there is always the same % cytosine and there is guanine
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What is it that makes DNA so specific to each person?
the sequence and combination of bases.
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what kind of a base is uracil? which of the two groups would it be in?
pyrimidine
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what happens to RNA molecules after protein synthesis
they are degraded in the cytoplasm
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in DNA replication which enzyme unzips the strands by breaking H bonds?
DNA Helicase
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Which strand is described as the leading strand?
3' -> 5'
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Which strand is the lagging strand?
5'->3'
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What does 'semi-conservative' replication refer to?
the fact that one strand in the new molecule is new and the other is the parent strand (original)
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which enzyme catalyses the reaction of the formation of the phosphodiester bonds between the newly laid base pairs?
DNA polymerase
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what are the fragments of DNA called when replicating the lagging strand?
okazaki fragments
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what is continuous replication?
continuous replication is when there is no break or gaps in the replication (happens on the leading strand)
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what is meant by semi conservative replication?
semi conservative refers to the fact that one strand is from the original and one strand is new - forming the whole molecule
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what is a mutation?
a mutation is when the exact sequence of bases hasn't not been copied accurately
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a nucleic acid? give two examples

Back

A chain of nucleotides bonded together! e.g. DNA or RNA

Card 3

Front

Name the 5 nitrogenous bases

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the names of the two types of nitrogenous base

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Which nitrogenous bases go in each group?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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