The action potential refers to the direction in which electrical messages travel through the neuron.
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What is the action potential through the neuron?
The action potential through the neuron is from the dendrites to axon terminals, where neurotransmitters transmit the impulse across the synapse to the next neuron.
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What are the different types of neuron?
Motor neurons, relay neurons and sensory neurons.
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What is the function of sensory neurons?
Sensory neurons send impulses from the PNS to the CNS.
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What is the structure of a sensory neuron?
Sensory neurons have long dendrites and short axons.
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What is the function of motor neurons?
Motor neurons send impulses from the CNS to an effector (muscle or gland).
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What is the structure of a motor neuron?
Motor neutrons have short dendrites and long axons.
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What is the function of relay neurons?
Relay neurons send impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons.
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What is the structure of a relay neuron?
Relay neurons have short dendrites and short or long axons.
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What determines the likelihood of a cell firing?
The neurotransmitter received by the post-synaptic neuron determines the likelihood of a cell firing.
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What is a neurotransmitter?
Neurotransmitters are chemical messages which pass between neurons.
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What is the function of an excitatory neurotransmitter?
Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood of a cell firing. They stimulate an action potential in a neuron.
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What is the function of an inhibitory neurotransmitter?
Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the likelihood of a cell firing. They are generally responsible for calming the mind and body, inducing sleep and filtering out unnecessary excitatory signals.
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What is the first step of synaptic transmision?
An electrical impulse travels from dendrite to axon terminal.
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What is the second step of synaptic transmision?
At the axon terminal, the electrical impulse stimulates the vesicles and they move to the synapse, where the vesicles release neurotransmitters.
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What is the third step of synaptic transmision?
The neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse where they are received by the receptors of the post-synaptic neuron.
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What is the fourth step of synaptic transmision?
A message is communicated which increases or decreases the likelihood of an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron (excitatory or inhibitory).
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What is the fifth step of synaptic transmision?
Finally, neurotransmitters are released back into the synapse where they are either broken down by enzymes or reabsorbed back into the pre-synaptic neuron (‘reuptake’).
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