these connect the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands
motor neurons
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what does a motor neuron look like
short dendrite long axon
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what is synaptic transmission
the process by which neighbouring neurones communicate with each other by sending chemical messages across the synapse
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synaptic transmission
what causes action potential to occur
when a neuron is activates by a stimulus, the inside of a cell becomes positively charged for a split second
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what does action potential create
an electrical impulse that travels down the axon towards the end of a neuron
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what happens next in synaptic transmission
once the action potential has arrived at the terminal button the end of the axon, it needs to be transferred to another neuron or to tissue
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what is the gap between the presynaptic neurone and the post synaptic neuron called
synapse
and the space between is called the synaptic gap
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at the end of the axon of the nerve cell are sacs, what are they called
synaptic vesicles
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what do synaptic vesicles constrain
chemical messengers called neurotransmitters
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when are the neurotransmitters released
when the action potential reaches the synaptic vesicles
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once the neurotransmitter crosses the gap it is taken up by the postsynaptic receptor site
what happens next?
here it is converted into an electrical impulse again
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what is excitation
when a neurotransmitter increases the POSITIVE charge of a postsynaptic neurone which INCREASES the likelihood the postsynaptic nueron will pass on the electrical impulse
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what is an example of a neurotransmitter that causes excitation
adrenaline
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what is inhibition
when a neurotransmitter increases the NEGATIVE charge of the post synaptic neuron which DECREASES the liklihood that the postsynaptic neurone will pass on the electrical impulse
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what is an example of a neurotransmitter that causes inhibition
serotonin
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what is summation
the sum of exhibitory and inhibitory neurotransmitters
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