What is the need for communication systems in multicellular organisms?
For animals and plants to respond to changes in the internal and external environment and to coordinate the activities of different organs.
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Coordination of nervous and hormonal systems relies on communication at a cellular level through?
Cell signalling
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Describe the signalling between adjacent cells
Transfer of signals locally, e.g. between neurones and synapses, the signal used is a neurotransmitter
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Describe the signalling between distant cells
Transfer of signals across large distances, using hormones, e.g. cells of the pituitary gland secrete ADH, which acts on cells in the kidneys to maintain water balance in the body
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Give 4 examples of internal environmental changes
Blood glucose concentration, internal temperature, water potential and cell pH
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Give 4 examples of external environmental changes
Humidity, external temperature, light intensity and new / sudden sound
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Why do organ functions have to be coordinated?
To maintain a relatively constant internal environment, called homeostasis
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Coordination of nervous and hormonal systems relies on communication at a cellular level through?
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