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6. What is an adenoma?
- A benign neoplasm of cartilage
- A malignant neoplasm of cartilage
- A benign neoplasm of glandular epithelium
- A malignant neoplasm of glandular epithelium
7. What is a malignant neoplasm of striated muscle called?
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Liposarcoma
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Chondrosarcoma
8. Which of these does NOT form a genetic basis for carcinogenesis?
- Loss or inactivation of recessive, growth inhibiting genes (tumour suppressor genes)
- A genetic defect in the genes which are responsible for DNA repair
- A genetic defect machinery which produces proteins in the cell
- A genetic defect in the genes the regulate apoptosis (dominant or recessive)
- Enhances expression of dominant growth promoting genes (oncogenes)
9. Which of these is the first step in proliferation of normal cells?
- A growth factor binds to and activated a cell surface growth factor receptor
- The cell divides in a controlled way
- A signal is transduced across the membrane
- A transduced signal is transmitted to the nucleus
- Nuclear regulatory factors that initiate DNA transcription are activated
- The cell enters and progresses in the cell cycle
10. Which of these disorders of cell growth are potential precursors for neoplasms?
- Hyperplasia, hypertrophy and metaplasia
- Dysplasia, atrophy and hypertrophy
- Metaplasia, atrophy and dysplasia
- Hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia
- Hyperplasia, atrophy and hypertrophy
11. What does 'N' mean in the determination of the stage of a tumour?
- The depth of invasion.
- The degree of metastases.
- The number of lymph nodes involved.
- The nuclear size and pleomorphism.
12. Which of these disorders of cell growth is always pathological?
- Metaplasia
- Hyperplasia
- Dysplasia
- Hypertrophy
- Atrophy
13. Which of these is not a pathway of spread for metastases?
- Transcoelomic
- Lymphatics
- Nerves
- Haematogenous (blood)
14. Which of these terms describes an increase in the number of cells in a tissue?
- Hyperplasia
- Hypertrophy
- Atrophy
- Metaplasia
- Dysplasia
15. Which of these is a factor in the growth of transformed, tumour cells?
- Loss of contact inhibition and colony formation
- Increased serum growth factor requirment
- Increased cohesion and being anchorage dependent
- Early maturation