Molecules of life

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  • Created by: SamDavies
  • Created on: 22-04-19 16:41
The name of the polymer of nucleotides
Nucleic acid
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This structure is made up of a heterocyclic base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group
Nucleotide
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This structure is made up of a heterocyclic base and a pentose sugar
Nucleoside
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The name of the linkage which attaches the phosphate group to a nucleotide on its 5' or 3' end
Phosphodiester
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Name of the group of cytosines, thymine and uracil
Pyrimidines
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Structure of pyrimidines
Monocyclic
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Name of the group of adenines and guanines
Purines
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Structure of purines
Bicyclic
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The name of the linkage which attaches the heterocyclic base to the pentose sugar at carbon 1
N-glycosidic
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The number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine
Two
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The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine
Three
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The number of amino acids considered 'essential', i.e. they must come from diet as the body cannot synthesise them.
Nine
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The name of one of the two amino acids that are not naturally found in DNA
Cystine
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The name of one of the two amino acids that are not naturally found in DNA
Hydroxyproline
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The name of the only amino acid that does not have a chiral centre and so does not exist as a mixture of two enantiomers
Glycine
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The configuration of all naturally occurring amino acids - L or D?
L
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The name of the only amino acid that gives an R configuration instead of S
Cysteine
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The type of amino acid in which both the amine and the carboxylic group are attached to the same carbon
Alpha
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The type of amino acid in which the amine and the carboxylic acid group are found on different carbon atoms (not very common)
Beta
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The pKa of SP2 amines
Five
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The pKa of SP3 amines
Ten
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The pKa of carboxylic acids
Five
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The pKa of phenols
Ten
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The pKa of alcohols
Fifteen
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The two groups which are ionised at physiological pH
SP3 amines and carboxylic acids
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The primary reason why some amino acids have acidic/basic groups which are more/less basic than others
Electron withdrawing groups
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The name given to the pH at which a zwitterion carries no net charge
Isoelectric point
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The name of the type of amino acid synthesis in which the reagents are an aldehyde, NH3 and HCN
Strecker
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The reagents needed for the hydrolysis stage in Strecker synthesis of amino acids
H3O+, H2O, heat
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The substance required to react with a carboxylic acid in order to produce an acyl chloride
Thionyl chloride
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A common example of a carbodiimide activates carboxylic acids in situ
DCC
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This protecting group can be removed by reacting with HBr in acetic acid
Cbz
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This protecting group can be removed by reacting with HCl or CF3COOH in acetic acid
Boc
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This protecting group can be removed by reacting with piperidine
Fmoc
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The molecule involved in automated peptide synthesis
Insoluble resin
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The acid used to remove the solid resin at the end of automated peptide synthesis
HBr in CF3COOH
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The amino acid formed when two peptide fragments are brought together in native chemical ligation
Cysteine
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The name of the reagent used to cleave off the last amino acid in a peptide so that it can be identified by standard analytical chemistry. This technique is known as Edman degradation
Phenyl isothiocyanate
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One of the protease enzymes involved in cleaving a peptide sequence in order to determine the sequence of amino acids
Chemotrypsin
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A molecule which can reduce a disulfide bond back into two cysteine amino acids
DTT
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The phenomenon that is limited due to resonance shown in all amino acids (due to the amide group)
Degree of freedom
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The configuration which is energetically favoured in amino acids
Trans
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A flat network of two peptide sequences which hydrogen bond to each other. They can be parallel and anti-parallel
Beta sheets
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The type of beta-pleated sheet which has stronger H bonds because the H bonds are in straight lines between the two chains
Anti-parallel
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The bending of a long peptide chain
Beta turn
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The amino acid which introduces a 'kink' in polypeptide chains
Proline
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A right handed ordered coil of a polypeptide chain which is stabilised by H bonding
Alpha helices
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The type of H bonding network in an alpha helices
Vertical
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The second type of kinase inhibitor with the first being ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors
Allosteric inhibitor
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

This structure is made up of a heterocyclic base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group

Back

Nucleotide

Card 3

Front

This structure is made up of a heterocyclic base and a pentose sugar

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

The name of the linkage which attaches the phosphate group to a nucleotide on its 5' or 3' end

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name of the group of cytosines, thymine and uracil

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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