Mitosis and meiosis
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- Created by: E456
- Created on: 07-12-17 08:23
cell cycle
The events that take place as one parent cell divides to produce 2 new daughter cells which then each grow to full size.
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genes
A length of DNA that carries the code for the synthesis of one (or more) specific polypeptide.
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chromatin
Material staining dark red in the nucleus during interphase of mitosis and meiosis. It consists of nucleic acids and proteins. It condenses into chromosomes during prophase of nuclear division.
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centromere
The region of the chromosome where 2 sister chromatids are joined together, and where the spindle fiber attaches during cell division
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chromatids
A replicated chromosome appears as 2 identical strands in early stages of cell division. Each strand is a chromatid.
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mutation
A change in the structure of DNA, or in the structure or number of chromosomes.
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interphase
The phase of the cell cycle where synthesis of new DNA and organelles takes place.
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mitosis
Nuclear division that results in the formation of cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cell
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cytokinesis
The division of the cell, following nuclear division, to form 2 new cells.
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prophase
The phase of mitosis where the chromosomes become visible as a pair of sister chromatids joined at the centromere
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metaphase
The phase of mitosis where the chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle.
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anaphase
In mitosis the stage when the newly separated chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the nuclear spindle
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telophase
The final phase of mitosis. Two nuclear envelopes form around the two new nuclei.
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meristem cells
Undifferentiated plant cells capable of rapid cell division.
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clones
Genetically identical cells or individuals
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plasmids
Small circular piece of DNA present in some bacterial cells. Plasmids may have genes for antibiotic resistance. Plasmids can be used as vectors in genetic engineering.
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binary fission
Method of cell division in bacteria. The DNA replicates and the cell divides into two, each having the same DNA as the parent cell. It does not involve mitosis
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totipotent
Undifferentiated cell that is capable of differentiating into any kind of specialised cell. Meristems and embryonic stem cells are totipotent
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biosynthesis
the production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells.
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genome
All the genetic material inside an organism (or cell).
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gametes
Sex cells, usually haploid . Male and female gametes can fuse , during sexual reproduction, to form zygotes (diploid)
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diploid
Cells or organisms that have two copies of each chromosome in their nucleus.
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haploid
A cell or organism that has one setoff chromosomes/one copy of each chromosome.
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zygote
Diploid cell made from the fusion of male and female gametes.
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meiosis
Nuclear division that results in the formation of cells containing half the number of chromosomes of an adult cell.
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homologous
Chromosome that have the same genes at the same loci. Members of a homologous pair of chromosomes pair up during meiosis.
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differentiation
The development and changes seen in cells as they mature to form specialised cells.
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histones
Any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.
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nuclear envelope
The double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.
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centriole
1. Each of a pair of minute cylindrical organelles near the nucleus in animal cells, involved in the development of spindle fibres in cell division.
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spindle
A network of filaments that form a mitotic spindle and meiotic spindle. Chiefly involved in moving and segregating the chromosomes during nuclear division.
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checkpoint
Control mechanisms in eukaryotic cells which ensure proper division of the cell.
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metaphase plate
The plane of the spindle approximately equidistant from the two poles along which the chromosomes are lined up during mitosis or meiosis. Also termed the equator.
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senescent
The state of a cell wherein it is no longer capable of dividing although it is still metabolically active and alive
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A length of DNA that carries the code for the synthesis of one (or more) specific polypeptide.
Back
genes
Card 3
Front
Material staining dark red in the nucleus during interphase of mitosis and meiosis. It consists of nucleic acids and proteins. It condenses into chromosomes during prophase of nuclear division.
Back
Card 4
Front
The region of the chromosome where 2 sister chromatids are joined together, and where the spindle fiber attaches during cell division
Back
Card 5
Front
A replicated chromosome appears as 2 identical strands in early stages of cell division. Each strand is a chromatid.
Back
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