Mind and behaviour Chapter 4

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  • Created by: Maddy
  • Created on: 20-10-17 12:37
What role do Neurons play?
They generate electricity that create nerve impulses and release chemicals to communicate with other Neurons,muscles and glands
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What does the Soma do?
The cell body that contains the information on how that cell works
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What is the role of the Dendrites?
to collect messages from neighbouring Neurons and send them to the Soma
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What does the Axon do?
Conducts electrical impulses to pass on information to other muscles,cells and glands
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What is the resting potential?
Negatively charged ions within the Neuron causing polarization, the neuron is at rest
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What is the Action potential?
Electrical impulses starting in the Soma stimulates the movement of positive ions into the neuron causing brief polarization and for the message to be passed down the Axon, like a mexican wave
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What is a graded potential?
a change in the resting potential not large enough to spark an action potential, if enough of these happen at the same time it can spark an action potential
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What is the role of Myelin?
To provide insulation to the Axon allow conduction to be much more effective
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How do Neurons communicate with other cells?
Through synapses using an electrical spark to trigger the recieving of a message by a post synaptic cell
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What are Neurotransmitters?
Chemical substances carryig messages across the synaptic space
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What are the 5 stages of chemical communication?
Synthesis,Storage,release,binding,deactivation
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In what two ways does deactivation occur?
Transmitter broken down by other chemicals or by reuptake (transmitter molecules taken back into presynaptic stage)
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What are Neuromodulaters?
Chemicals that increase sensitivity to specific neurotransmitters,e.g Endorphins
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What are the 3 main types of Neurons?
Sensory,Motor,Interneurons
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What do Sensory Neurons do?
carry messages from sense organs to spinal cord and brain
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What do Motor Neurons do?
Transmit messages from spinal cord to muscles
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What do Interneurons do?
perform a connective function
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What are the two parts of the PNS?
Somatic nervous system,Automatic nervous system
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What is the SNS?
A system of sensory and motor neurons that help us to sense our environment
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What is the role of the ANS?
To control the bodies automatic actions, the sympathetic function is one of arousal (fight or flight), the parasympathetic function calms your body down again
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What is the aim of the ANS?
To achieve a state of equilibrium
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What are the different types of brain imaging?
CT,PET,MRI,FRMI
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What are the advantages of using an FMRI over an MRI?
FMRI measures activity as well as structure, also FMRI doesn't involve radiation so they can be done more regularly, However they are expensive
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What are the issues with brain imaging?
It studies the whole brain at once,knowing where doesn't tell us what how or why
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What are the three parts of the brain?
Hindbrain,Midbrain and Forebrain
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What does the brain stem do?
it controls basic life support functions like breathing
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What does the cerebellum control?
controls muscle movement, needed for precise timing and coordination of movement
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What do the sensory and motor neurons in the midbrain do?
Sensory neurons send information from eyes and ears to the forebrain,motor neurons control eye movements
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What does the reticular formation do?
alerts parts of the brain that messages are coming and either accepts or rejects them
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What does the thalamus do?
It is the switchboard of the brain making sure that messages from neurons go to the right places
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What does the hypothalamus do?
secretes hormones that control emotions, producing neurotransmitters to stop/make people do things
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What does the hippocampus do?
It has a role in forming and retrieving memories
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What does the Amygdala do?
It controls negative emotions, damage to this causes people to be more agressive and fearful
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What does the cerebral cortex do?
Split the brain into 4 lobes (in each hemisphere)
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What does the motor cortex do?
Control the muscle movement on the opposite side of the body, smaller body parts have greater representation here
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What does the somatic sensory cortex do?
receive sensory input that give rise to our sensations of hot,cold,sharp etc, surface area related to sensativity
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What does Wernicke's area do?
helps us to understand speech and the meaning of language
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What does Broca's area do?
Helps us form a coherent reply to written or spoken language
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What does the association cortex do?
It allows us to percieve what things are by connecting sight,language and thought
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What do the frontal lobes do?
They are involved in planning,responsibility,emotions and self awareness
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What does the pre frontal cortex control?
It controls decision making, recognising that actions have consequences, stopping us from making impulsive decisions
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How is information transmitted between the two hemisperes?
It is passed along corpus callosum which is a band of nerve fibres
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What is lateralisation?
the specialisation of a function to one hemisphere (although both hemispheres play a part in all actions)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does the Soma do?

Back

The cell body that contains the information on how that cell works

Card 3

Front

What is the role of the Dendrites?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the Axon do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the resting potential?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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