What year did Milgram: 'study of obedience' take place?
1963
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What was the aim?
to test the idea that Germans were different to others as they carried out barbaric acts under order - to see how obedient Ptps would be when asked to give electric shocks to a stranger.
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Describe the sample.
Volunteer sample obtained by advertisement of 40 men between the ages of 20 and 50 of different occupations, none were students.
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How was obedience measured?
By how intense a shock the Ptps were willing to give
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What were the verbal prods?
-please continue. -you must continue. -the experiment requires you must continue. -you have no choice, you must go on.
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What were the voltages?
from 0v to 450v, increasing by 15v each time.
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After which shock did the learner go quiet?
300v
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How many Ptps went to 300v?
100%
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Describe the results.
26 out of 40 Ptps continued to 450v, which is 65%
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Describe the conclusion.
social influence is strong and people obey orders despite them causing stress because we are socialised to be obedient to authority
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Evaluate the ethical strengths.
-Ptps had the right to withdraw. -Ptps debriefed. -Milgram was a competent professional. -follow questionnaires were sent and 84% said they were glad to have taken part.
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Evaluate the ethical weaknesses.
-Ptps decieved in many ways. -verbal prods prevented the right to withdraw. -Ptps could not give informed consent. -some Ptps suffered because physical or psychological harm
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Evaluate the methodological strengths.
-strong sample due to the age and occupation range. -realistic setting increases validity. -standardised instructions increase reliability.
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Evaluate the methodological weaknesses.
-all of the Ptps were men but results were generalised to both genders. -lab experiment so lacks mundane realism/ecological validity so low validity. -some will have realised that the shocks were not real.
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Name two variations to this study.
1) procedure happens in a run down office block. 2) experimenter has no lab coat
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Describe the results of these studies.
1) 48% go to 450v. 2) 20% go to 450v
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was the aim?
Back
to test the idea that Germans were different to others as they carried out barbaric acts under order - to see how obedient Ptps would be when asked to give electric shocks to a stranger.
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