Milgram

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What kind of sample was used in Milgrams study?
self-selecting / volunteer
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What sample was used in Milgrams study?
40 male Americans
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How much were the participants paid in Milgrams study?
$4.50
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What is the name of the confederate/authority figure
Mr.Wallace
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What were the four prods given to the participant?
1) It is absolutely essential that you continue 2) You have no choice, you must go on 3) Please continue 4) The experiment requires you to continue
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what percentage of the participants administered 300 volts of electric shock?
100% 40 participants
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What percentage of the participants administered 450 volts of electric shock?
65% 26 participants
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What were some of the ethical issues Milgram encountered?
Informed consent-They gave consent but not for the true aim of the study 4) Protection from harm-They left the experiment knowing that under the rule of an authority figure they could kill someone, this affects them psychologically
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What tragic event was Milgrams study inspired by?
The German Holocaust
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How were the roles allocated?
A rigged draw meaning that when the participant chose a role from the hat he would always be the teacher
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How did Milgram make his participants believe the experiment was real?
He gave the participants a sample shock
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How was obedience measured?
How far up the generator the participants went before refusing to obrey -> if they administered 450 volts they were obedient
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What did the participants have to do?
Read a list of words testing the learner and administer a shock when the learners answer was incorrect -> the shock increased in volts each incorrect answer
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Why might being paid have affected the participants?
They may have felt obliged to complete the study because they were being paid
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Why might the location of the experiment have affected the particepants?
It was Yale university so its fairly prestigious so the participants may have felt obliged to complete the experiment
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What did the learner start to do at 75 volts?
Grunt
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What did the learner do at 150 volts?
Say that the shocks were painful and didn't want to continue
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What did the learner do at 450 volts?
Nothing, he was unresponsive
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Did the participants have the right to withdraw?
In theory
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What did the learner do at 270 volts?
Scream in agony
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"I was only following orders, it's not my fault" is an example of one of the behaviors Milgram concluded?
Agentic state
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What were the five kind of behaviors did many of the participants show?
1) Nervous laughter 2) Sweating 3) Trembling 4) Lip biting 5) Digging their nails into their palms
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How many of the participants had uncontrolled seizures?
Three
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What was the aim of Milgrams study?
To test the level of obedience the participants would show when they were asked to commit an immoral order when told to by an authority figure
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What were the qualitative findings of the Milgram experiment?
14 participants nervously laughed but stated that they didn't enjoy administering the shocks, all of the participants showed stress, digging their nails into their palms and shaking
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What were the quantitative findings of the experiment?
65% of participants were classified as obedient, 35% of participants were classified as defiant
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What were the four conclusions Milgram made on why the participants obeyed?
1)They couldn't back out after being paid 2)They were in a prestigious setting 3)They were told the shocks would not cause permanent damage 3)We are taught to obey from a young age
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What are three strengths from Milgrams study?
1) It was a lab experiment so it is highly controlled 2)Every participant experienced the exact same things in the exact same order 3)Participants were convinced of the validity of the shock (they were convinced it was real)
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What are three weaknesses of Milgrams study?
1) It's highly unethical 2)It has low ecological validity 3) It was a lab experiment so the sample is unrepresentative
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What were some of the ethical issues in the Milgram study?
Right to withdraw-They were told they had the right to withdraw but they actually didn't Deception-They were deceived about the nature of the experiment
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What were the participants told the first aim of the study was?
They were investigating the effects of memory and learning
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What were the participants told the second aim of the study was?
They were investigating the effect of punishment on learning
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How was the data collected?
It was timed and recorded, it was also observed by an observer through a one way window
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Card 2

Front

What sample was used in Milgrams study?

Back

40 male Americans

Card 3

Front

How much were the participants paid in Milgrams study?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What is the name of the confederate/authority figure

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What were the four prods given to the participant?

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