Microbiology

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  • Created by: ntygs19
  • Created on: 12-03-20 18:20
Microbiology is the study of what?
Micro-organisms
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What is the measurement used for microorganisms?
Micrometer (um)
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Name the 4 groups of Microbe/Pathogen
Bacteria; Virus; Fungi; Protozoa
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What is the term for the following statement: The development of morbid conditions or disease.
Pathogenesis
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What else can the term pathogensis describe? O_ of disease, D_ of disease, and whethers it's C_, A_ or R_.
Origin of Disease, Development of disease, and whether its Acute, Chronic or Recurrent.
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Desrcibe the term 'Commensal'.
Living on or within another organism, and deriving benefit without harming or benefitting the host.
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Define the term VIRULENCE
A pathogen's ability to harm the host
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What is the term for an inanimate object that acts as a carriage for pathogen spread
Fomite
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What is a vector?
Organism that transfers/transmits pathogens from one infected organism to another (e.g. Mosquitos)
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What are Opportunistic Infections?
Take advantage of an opportunity not normally available, e.g. host with a weakened immune system
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Name 4 common types of infection
HIV, MRSA, TB, Herpes, Gonnorrhoea, E.coli, Streptococcus Pyogenes
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Outline the terms Prokaryotic and Eukyrotic
Prokaryotic = no distinct nucleus. Eukyrotic = contains a nucleus
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BACTERIA
See Next
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Where is bacterial genetic material housed?
Single strand of DNA/Chromosome and Plasmids
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Does bacteria have a cell wall?
Yes
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Describe the 4 criteria by which we classify bacteria
1. Appearance; 2. Nutritional Requirements 3. Staining 4. Lab based criteria
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Name 4 nutritional requirements of bacteria
Food, water, CO2, neutral or alkaline conditions
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What are the names of bacteria that a) require oxygen to grow. b)grow in the absence of oxygen
a) Obligate Aerobes b) Anaerobes
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What are the 3 categories of appearance that we us to classify bacteria?
1) morphology (shape), 2) size 3) colour
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Name the 3 basic shapes of bacteria
1. Coccus 2. Bacillus 3) Spriochete
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Describe the shapes of coccus, bacillus and spirochetes
spherical, rod shaped and sprial shaped
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Name the 4 types of Coccus
1) Single cocci; 2) Diplococcus; 3) Streplococcus; 4) Staphylococcus
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Which type of coccus is paired?
Diplococcus
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Which type of coccus is in chains?
Streplococcus
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What type of coccus is in bunches?
Staphylococcus
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Name the method of staining used to distinguish/classify bacterial species into 2 large groups?
Gram Staining
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What are the 2 large groups called?
Gram Positive and Gram Negative
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The C_ V_ I_ C_ is the main process in Gram Staining
Crystal Violet Iodine Complex
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Crystal violet stain is added to bacteria-ridden slide. What colour do all the cells turn?
Purple
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What happes to the cells when Iodine solution is added?
They stay purple
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When cellsare Decolourised with Acetone, What colour do Gram+ cells turn? What colour do Gram- turn?
Gram+ = purple, Gram- = colourless
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When the cells are counterstained with Safrinin, what colours do Gram+ and Gram- cells turn?
Gram+ = purple, Gram- = Pink
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Why do Gram+ cells stay purple?
Because the Crystal Violet and Iodine combine inside the wall and stick to the walls of the organism
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Why do Gram- cells turn pink?
Because the crytal violet + iodine slide away, as it has a double wall... top layer gets stained and falls away.
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What is the difference between Bacterial Cidle and Bacterial Static antibiotics?
Bacterial cidle - punches hole in bacterial cell wall, killing it. Bacterial static = prevents replication of microbe
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Describe the shape, organisation and colour of Gram+ Streplococcus
Spherical (coccus)l Chain (Strep); Gram+ (dark)
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What type of antibiotic is required for Gram+ Streplococcus
Bacterial Cidle
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Describe the shape, organisation and colour of Gram- Staphylococcus
Spherical (coccus), Bunches (staph), Ligh (Gram-)
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What type of antibiotic is required for Gram- Staphylococcus
Bacterial Static Antibiotics
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What are the 4 target sites of bacterial static anitbiotics? 1. Prevents C_ W_ formation; 2) Disrupts P_ synthesis. 3) Disrupts _ synthesis. 4) Disrupts cell M_
1. Prevents cell wall formation; 2) Disrupts protein synthesis. 3) Disrupts DNA synthesis. 4) Disrupts cell metabolism
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Bacterial resistance can occur through 1)Trans_, 2) C_ and 3)Trans_
Bacterial resistance can occur through 1)Transformation 2) Conjugation and 3)Transfection
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VIRUSES
See Next
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Possess either _ or _ but never both.
DNA or RNA
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Can only survive where?
Within living susceptible cells
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What happens when viruses are not in their host?
They die
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Viruses affect the host in 3 main ways?
Infecting and killing the host; lies dormant; cause malignant transformation of cells.
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FUNGI
See Next
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Are fungi Prokaryotic or Eukyrotic?
EUKYROTIC - Contain nucleus
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What are the 2 types of fungi?
Moulds and Yeasts
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Of moulds and yeasts, which are obligate aerobes and which are anaerobic?
Moulds = obligate aerobes; Yeasts = Anaerobes
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Where do fungi grow?
Warm, moist places
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PROTOZOAS
See Next
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Protozoa are U_ microbes
Unicellular
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Where do they mainly inhabit?
Soil and water
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How do protozoa move through water?
Tiny hair like structures propel them through liquid
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Poor S_ is linked to transmission of severe diseases
Sanitation
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the measurement used for microorganisms?

Back

Micrometer (um)

Card 3

Front

Name the 4 groups of Microbe/Pathogen

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the term for the following statement: The development of morbid conditions or disease.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What else can the term pathogensis describe? O_ of disease, D_ of disease, and whethers it's C_, A_ or R_.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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