Metabolism HL

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  • Created by: tom4dui24
  • Created on: 18-04-21 19:02
What is Metabolism?
All the enzyme catalysed chemical reactions that take place in a cell.
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What do metabolic pathways consist of?
Chains and cycles of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
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Name an examples of a metabolic cycle
Krebs cycle
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What is the activation energy of a reaction?
every chemical reaction requires a certain amount of energy in order to proceed, this is called activation energy
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how do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy
When an enzyme binds to a substrate, it stresses and destabilizes the bonds in the substrate.
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Catabolic reactions
In these reactions energy is released from the breaking of bonds within a molecule.
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Anabolic reactions
In these reactions as energy is required to create new bonds forming larger molecules
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Enzymes inhibitors can be either competitive or non-competitive. what does enzyme inhibitor mean?
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that distrupts the normal reaction pathway between an enzyme and a substrate.
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Enzyme inhibitors
Chemicals which prevent the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex
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What is competitive inhibition of enzymes?
A molecule chemically and structurally similar to the substrate competes for the active site.
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How can the effect of a competative inhibitor be reduced?
By increasing the substrate concentration.
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What is non-competitive inhibition?
What is non-competitive inhibition?
When an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site and does not compete for the active site.
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How does a non-competitive inhibitor slow the action of enzymes?
It causes a conformational (shape) change in the active site.
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What is end-product inhibition?
When the final product in a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts earlier on in the pathway.
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What is the use in cells of end product inhibition?
It helps to regulate the concentration of an essential product. Inhibition is most when there is more of the end product.
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Explain End-product inhibition of the pathway that converts threonine to isoleucine
Isoleucine is an essential amino acid, meaning it is not synthesised by the body in humans (and hence must be ingested)
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Outline an example of end product inhibition.
In plants and bacteria, isoleucine may be synthesised from threonine in a reaction pathway. Isoleucine can bind to an allosteric site on the first enzyme in the pathway and function as a non-competitive inhibitor.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do metabolic pathways consist of?

Back

Chains and cycles of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Card 3

Front

Name an examples of a metabolic cycle

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the activation energy of a reaction?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

how do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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