Memory 2 - Forgetting: Retrieval failure

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  • Created by: amp2410
  • Created on: 07-03-22 12:07
Define retrieval failure
Forgetting in LTM
Lack of ACCESSIBILTY rather than AVAILIBILITY
Forget because insufficient cues or clues
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Define cue-dependent forgetting
Forgetting information due to absence/insufficient cues - we need something to aid retrieval
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What did Tulving and Thomson (1973) propose?
Memory is most effective if info present at time of encoding is also available at time of retrieval
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What is context dependent forgetting?
(External cues)
Occurs with external retrieval cues
Forgetting occurs when external environment different at recall than at encoding
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What is state dependent forgetting?
(Internal cues)
Occurs when internal retrieval cues are different at recall to when info encoded
Internal state = emotional state or even sobriety
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Example Q: Matthew likes to do his revision accompanied by music but performs poorly in the exam when there is no music playing
Which retrieval failure?
Context dependent retrieval failure
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Example Q: Simon has to learn a list of instructions for work but does this when tired. When wide awake next day he cannot remember the instructions.
Which retrieval failure?
State dependent retrieval failure
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Evaluation 1: Abernethy (1940)
Procedure/Findings
Evaluation 1: Abernethy (1940)
Procedure/Findings
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Evaluation 1: Godden and Baddeley (1975)
Procedure
Investigating effect of environment on recall (Scotland)
18 divers from club asked to learn lists of 36 unrelated words of 2/3 syllables
Each took part in all 4 conditions:
1. Learn on beach, recall on beach
2. Learn on beach recall underwater
3. Lear
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Evaluation 1: Godden and Baddeley (1975)
Findings/Conclusion
Divers forgot more words if they were recalled in different place than when they were learned
Supports idea of context dependent forgetting
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Evaluation 2: Goodwin (1969)
Procedure
48 male medical students participated on day 1 in training session and day 2 in testing
Randomly assigned to 4 groups
1. (**) sober on both days
2. (AA) intoxicated on both days
3. (AS) intoxicated on day 1 and sober on day 2
4. (SA) sober on day 1 an
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Evaluation 2: Goodwin (1969)
Findings/Conclusion
More errors made on day 2 in AS and SA condition than AA or ** condition
However not case for picture recognition task
** participants performed best in all tasks
Supports view that forgetting more likely if people in different states i.e. drunk vs sober
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define cue-dependent forgetting

Back

Forgetting information due to absence/insufficient cues - we need something to aid retrieval

Card 3

Front

What did Tulving and Thomson (1973) propose?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is context dependent forgetting?
(External cues)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is state dependent forgetting?
(Internal cues)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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