Control of Breathing... is it voluntary or involuntary?
Breathing is involuntary - controlled by Medulla Oblongata in the brain. Inspiration is active - muscles contract to make it happen. Expiration is passive - muscles just relax e.g. diaphragm relaxes and returns to normal.
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What is the RCC controlled by?
Medulla Oblongata
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What changes does the Medulla Oblongata cause?
Increased CO2, Lactate, blood pressure and a lack of oxygen to the muscles.
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What are the changes detected by?
Chemoreceptors, Baroreceptors & Proprioceptors.
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What do the additional respiratory muscles for inspiration cause?
An increase in the depth of breathing.
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During exercise, the expiatory center will stimulate expiatory muscles which will cause?
Forced expiration and an increase in the rate of breathing.
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Describe the what happens at the lungs during the gas exchange.
Oxygen moves from the alveoli to blood. Carbon Dioxide moves from blood to alveoli.
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Which 2 sites does gaseous exchange take place?
Lungs & Muscle Cells
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Define Tidal Volume (TV) and give the resting value in ml.
Amount of air breathed in or out in one breath, this increases during exercise. The resting value is 500ml
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Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) and give the resting value in ml.
Amount of air that can be forcibly inspired in addition to tidal volume, this decreases during exercise. The resting value is 3100ml.
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Define Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and give the resting value.
Amount of air that can be forcibly expired in addition to tidal volume, this decreases during exercise. The resting value is 1200ml.
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Define Vital Capacity (VC) and give the resting value in ml.
The max amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after breathing in as much as possible. The resting value is 4500ml.
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Define Residual Volume (RV) and give the resting value in ml.
Air left in lungs after max expiration. 1200ml
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Define Total Lung Capacity (TLC) and give the resting value in ml.
The vital capacity plus the residual volume. 6000ml
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What is the Definition of Minute Volume / Pulmonary Ventilation (VE)?
The amount of air taken into or pushed out of the lungs in one minute.
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How do you work out VE?
It is calculated by multiplying tidal volume (TV) by the respiratory frequency (number of breaths per minute). Or TV x Frequency of breaths.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Medulla Oblongata
Back
What is the RCC controlled by?
Card 3
Front
Increased CO2, Lactate, blood pressure and a lack of oxygen to the muscles.
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