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6. What was the effect of SSRIs on contingency judgement?

  • SSRIs reduced participants response rate, thus impacting on their context-action discrimination
  • SSRIs moderated the direct relationship between BDI and learning the context-action discrimination
  • SSRIs increased the rate of response, which increased the context-action discrimination
  • SSRIs made the outcome more valuable, and so increased the context-action discrimination

7. What was the effect of BDI?

  • Low BDI participants rated context as less causal
  • High BDI participants rated context as less causal
  • High BDI participants rated the action as less causal
  • Low BDI participcants rated the action as less causal

8. what is contingency

  • The predictiveness of a CS or an action
  • The effect of making an action
  • The amount of conditioning that can be done to a CS
  • The rate of responding during a CS divided by the rate of responding during the CS and intertrial interval

9. The intertrial interval hypothesis suggests that:

  • The intertrial interval is similar to lots of ‘no action, no outcome’ trials
  • the interntial interval is irrelevant
  • During the intertrial interval participants consolidate their learning
  • During the intertrial interval no learning can happen

10. What are the conclusions of this paper? (Msetfi, Wade & Murphy (2013))

  • Contingency acts as a form of prior knowledge
  • Perceived time is faster in depressed people
  • Contextual learning is different in causal learning in mildly depressed people
  • The findings are not consistent with an associative learning model

11. Msetfi, Murphy, Simpson & Kornbrot (2005) found what in their study?

  • ITI length had no impact on judgements of control in non depressed participants
  • ITI length was an important determinator of judgement of control in depressed participants
  • A short ITI eliminated differences in judgements of control between depressed and non depressed participants
  • A long ITI eliminated differences in judgements of control between depressed and non depressed participants

12. Who were the participants in experiment 1? (Msetfi, Wade & Murphy (2013))

  • students
  • people with mild dysphoria
  • normal population
  • people with clinical depression

13. When Alloy & Abramson looked at ΔP = 0, what effects did they find?

  • Depressed students though they had more control when the outcome density was higher
  • Non depressed students though they had more control when the outcome density was higher
  • Depressed students though they had less control when the outcome density was higher
  • Non depressed students though they had less control when the outcome density was higher

14. In the Rescorla-Wagner model, what does V represent?

  • associative strength
  • total expectancy of US on a trial
  • Salience of the US
  • change in associative strength on a trial

15. What was the effect of escitlopram on ratings of control? Msetfi et al, 2016

  • Greater sensitivity to background rates for the outcomes
  • Less sensitivity to background rates for the outcomes
  • Greater sensitivity to contingency
  • Less sensitivity to contingency