Mary and Religion

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Mary was devot in her Catholic worship, what did she believe restoring England back to cathlicsm was saving people from ?
'Mortal sin'
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What did she interpret her popularity of becoming queen as a sign of England wanting?
a return to cathloic practices rather then the unpupularity of the Lady Jane Grey succession crisis
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In Mary's reign what was there a revival of across Europe so we have to put that into context?
Conservative religious views
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Name a few issues surrounding the return back to catholicism
Would parliament support her, would the pope recognize her as pope, would the clergy support eh reforms, where would she change the doctrine back to, oppostion, popularity
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Problems facing Mary's reforms
.....
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Why did many political elites favor Protestantism?
they financially benefited from it such as from the closure of the monasteries and Chantries
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What was Protestantism the official religion ?
It was protected by Statute
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For example, what Act established Protestantism as the official religion through statute (law)
1552 Act of Uniformity
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Provide evidence to shoe that Protestancism was entrenched in London & parts of the south East
1549 Kett rebellion, radical preachers like John Hooper, Nicholas Ridley
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What 3 indivduals were not conviced or urged Mary to be cautious on the Counter-reformation?
Gardiner, Simon Renard, Charles V
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Why did Stephen Gardiner vary of the counter-reformation ?
Not keen to return back to Papal Supremacy
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What was Simon Renard was worried about - to do with nobility?
the impact of reclaiming the Church's previous lands
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Why did Charles V urged caution?
to avoid unrest
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However, what 2 people urged Mary should have moved quickly?
Philip of Spain, Cardinal pope - Both wanted to gain favor with the pope
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Who is this showing continuity with?
Wolsey
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Timeline of Mary's return to Catholicism
.....
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When were many protestant Clergy removed from their posts?
Aug-Sept 1553
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When was Archbishop Cranmer arrested?
Aug-Sept 1553
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What 3 individuals were imprisoned Aug-Sept 1553?
Latimer, Nicolas Ridley, John Hooper
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When did Parliament pass the First Act of Repeal ?
Oct 1553
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What did the First Act of Repeal remove?
All religious legislation approved during the reign of Edward
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What did this mean for doctrine showing continuity with Henry VIII?
Reverted back to Catholicism and 1547 and the Act of 6 articles
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however, what did the Parliament refuse to Appeal?
The Act of Supremacy 1534
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What did Mary give up the tile of anyway in October 1553?
Supreme Head of the Church
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In what year and how many protestants Fled to Germany and Switzerland ?
Jan 1554, 800 protestants
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When were Royal injuctions issued?
March 1554
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What 3 things did the Riyal injunctions issue?
Ordered Bishops to Repress Hersay, remove married clergy and restore holy days
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Who deprived hundreds of married priests of their living?
Bishop Gardiner
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Why did Mary take bolder steps in her second phases of relgious changes?
it was the reurn of Cardinal Pole to England, Mary felt more secure in pushing forward more change
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When was the Second Act of Repeal?
Nov 1555
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What did second Act of Repeal undo?
all legislation since 1529 and the Henrician Reformation
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What dod the Second Act of Repeal also do regarding the Act of Sumpremacy ?
removed it so the pope was restored as the Head of the English Church
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Why did mary not restore Church lands and property?
She was concerned she would lose the support of nobles and gentry who had gained the land of the Closure monastries and Charties
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Who supported this and who didn't?
Parliament supported bevies they defended the property owners' rights on this issue but, it went Aginst Cardinal Poles wishes
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By mary using parliament to legislate the reform of the Second Act of Repeal, what was Mary effectively acknowledging?
the supremacy of parliament over the reforms
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Third phase
Education and Persecution
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When was the publicarion of Bishop Bonner's Book of Homilies and what dod it do?
1555 - Return of Catholic ideas
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When was John Rodger burned under restored heresy laws?
Feb 1555
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Who was John Rogers?
Translator of the bible and became the first protestant martyr of Mary's reign when he was burned
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When and where were Bishops Ridley and Latimer burned for heresy ?
Oct 1555, in Oxford
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When was Cramner deprived of the role of Archbishop of Canterbury?
Dec 1555
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Who was he replaced with?
Pole
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How many protestants in November 1555 were burnt at the stake in Canterbury?
5
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Approximately how many people were executed during Mary's reign?
300
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When and Where was Thomas Cramner?
March 1556, Oxford
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What had Cramner orginally 'recanted' ?
his support for Protestantism had been a mistake
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What did Cramner then do?
withdraw his recantation
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Give 3 reason of why Mary hated Cramner
A central role in the divorce, Break from Rome, a key role in Henrician and Edwardian
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Who were most of the 300 people, Mary burned?
commoner's - who were dying for their personal beliefs
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What name did Mary gain from burning all of these heretics?
'bloody Mary'
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Where is the list of 'martyrs' is recorded in legth?
John Foxe's Book of Martyrs
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When was John Foxe's Book of Martyrs published?
1563
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What was it showing the book was popular?
quickly became the most widely read book aside from the bible
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Why did Mary choose to burn heretics?
was the standard punishment of heresy across Europe
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Give 3 reasons of why burning heretics was a thing?
believed it would help 'cleanse their souls', total destruction of the heretic corpse to prevent their body parts being used for relics
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Evidence to show Mary's reforms were popular
....
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Why does Mary only on the throne for 5 years show it may be popular?
with longer time reforms may have become more embedded and lasted
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Give examoles of where new catholic preists were easlily recruited
Lancashire and Kent
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Evidence to show Mary's reforms were unpopular
....
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Did the English make a return to Protestantism with little opposition in Elizabeth's reign?
yes
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How many copies is it estimated of the 1552 Prayer book were in circulation?
19,000
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What were more in circulation, catholic or protestant works?
Protestant
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What does John Foxe give the impression of?
portestant Martyrs were well supported in the burnings
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Culture and intellectual developments
...
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Provide an example of the catholic church trying to distance itself from humanism ?
Declared Erasmus a humanist
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Where was Ersuams worked placed on?
The index of Prohibited Books by the Papacy
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What did Bonner's new book of holimies support Marys attempt to educate the English n terms of the cathoilc faith?
Re-educate the English on catholic faith and in particular the supremacy of the pope
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What did Portestnts remain which may have effected their respose to Mary's reforms?
a divided group in relation to ideas
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Who promoted the idea of working within the current poltical idea?
John Knox
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Who favored more a radical and confrontational resistance to Mary's reforms?
Christopher Goodman and his supporters
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Give an example of one of the English intellectuals that remained in exile in Europe and were not won over by Mary's beliefs?
John Foxe
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What did, however, did John Foxe begin to gather?
evidence against Mary he would later publish in his Book of Martyrs
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Do historians argue that Catholicism in England would carry on?
Because she died in 1558
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Judgment - was Mary's reforms popular?
To some extent perhaps because only 20% London were protestant by 1547 and presits hid latin bibles. But, Wyatt rebellion and quickey returned to protestanism in Elizabethes reign
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What did she interpret her popularity of becoming queen as a sign of England wanting?

Back

a return to cathloic practices rather then the unpupularity of the Lady Jane Grey succession crisis

Card 3

Front

In Mary's reign what was there a revival of across Europe so we have to put that into context?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name a few issues surrounding the return back to catholicism

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Problems facing Mary's reforms

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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