Mary QoS Rebellions/Plots

Cause(s):

• Religion: Took Mass in Durham - ALL counter-reformation - Elton: "Religion played a little part...though it was a useful cloak"
• Faction: De Spes (Spanish Ambassador) - Elizabeth had rejected Norfolk's proposal to Mary - Northumberland's title ('Lieutenant of the North') had been removed, by Elizabeth

Dangerous:

• Took Durham
• Involved the nobility
• The gentry did not stop them! (becoming a "country house religion")

Not Dangerous:

• Fled, as soon as they encountered Sussex's force(s)
• "Almost bloodless"

Plot:

• Involved: Mary, Fellipe II, Norfolk
• Wanted to usurp Elizabeth & marry Mary to Norfolk
• Uncovered when Baillie was captured and tortured by Burghley

Impact:

• Mary & Norfolk were blamed
• Norfolk was executed
• Treason Act (mostly a response to the Papal Bull)

Plot:

• Throckmorton had mingled with Seminary Priests
• He planned to kill Elizabeth & place Mary (QoS) on the throne

Impact:

• Throckmorton was executed
• Bond of Association (1584) (anyone who was plotting against the queen was to be executed)

Plot:

• Walsingham set a trap for Mary
• Babington was hired, by Ballard, to kill Elizabeth!
• Walsingham sent forged letters to Babington, asking for names (he complied)

Impact:

• Parliament & the Privy Council called for Mary's execution!
• Initially, Elizabeth was reluctant (got Hatton to ask Parliament if there was another way)
• Eventually, Elizabeth signed the death warrant